Papathanasiou A, Koutsovasilis A, Shea S, Philalithis A, Papavasiliou S, Melidonis A, Lionis C
Health Medical Center of Stylida, Lamia Diabetes Centre 'Tzaneio' General Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Diseases of Metabolism, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2014 May;21(4):345-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01875.x. Epub 2012 Feb 17.
Several instruments have been developed for the assessment of emotional distress in patients with diabetes. The Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) is a brief self-report scale that evaluates diabetes-related distress. There is a lack of validated instruments for the evaluation of psychological aspects in patients with diabetes in Greek language. The current study was conducted to translate and adapt the PAID scale in Greek language and to evaluate the psychometric properties in two different study populations of patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to translate the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale into Greek, adapt it culturally to Greece and determine its psychometric properties. The translation process included two forward translations, reconciliation, backward translation and pre-testing steps. The validation incorporated the exploration of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and responsiveness (Spearman correlation coefficient). Participants included 101 consecutive patients from a rural primary healthcare centre and 101 patients from an urban hospital. All patients completed the PAID scale and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Internal consistency considered good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.948). Interclass correlation coefficient was 0.942 (95% CI 0.915-0.961). Factor analysis yielded three factors: 'Diabetes-related emotional problems' (51.79% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.910), 'Food-related problems' (9.55% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.824) and 'Social support-related problems' (5.96% variance, Cronbach's alpha = 0.704). Screen plot test and conceptual congruency of items supported a three-factor solution. Total PAID showed a negative correlation with both SF-36 mental component summary (r = -0.733, P < 0.0001) and SF-36 physical component summary (r = -0.594, P < 0.0001). Our findings indicate that the Greek version of the PAID questionnaire is reliable and valid for patients with diabetes mellitus in Greece.
已经开发出几种用于评估糖尿病患者情绪困扰的工具。糖尿病问题领域量表（PAID）是一种简短的自评量表，用于评估与糖尿病相关的困扰。希腊语中缺乏用于评估糖尿病患者心理方面的经过验证的工具。本研究旨在将PAID量表翻译成希腊语并进行改编，并在两个不同的糖尿病患者研究人群中评估其心理测量特性。本研究的目的是将糖尿病问题领域（PAID）量表翻译成希腊语，在文化上使其适应希腊，并确定其心理测量特性。翻译过程包括两次正向翻译、核对、反向翻译和预测试步骤。验证包括探索内部一致性（克朗巴哈系数）、重测信度（组内相关系数）、结构效度（探索性因素分析）和反应性（斯皮尔曼相关系数）。参与者包括来自农村初级医疗中心的101名连续患者和来自城市医院的101名患者。所有患者都完成了PAID量表和简短健康调查简表（SF-36）第2版。内部一致性良好（克朗巴哈系数=0.948）。组内相关系数为0.942（95%CI 0.915-0.961）。因素分析产生了三个因素：“与糖尿病相关的情绪问题”（方差51.79%，克朗巴哈系数=0.910）、“与食物相关的问题”（方差9.55%，克朗巴哈系数=0.824）和“与社会支持相关的问题”（方差5.96%，克朗巴哈系数=0.704）。碎石图检验和项目的概念一致性支持三因素解决方案。PAID总分与SF-36心理成分总结（r=-0.733，P<0.0001）和SF-36身体成分总结（r=-0.594，P<0.0001）均呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明，PAID问卷的希腊语版本对希腊的糖尿病患者是可靠且有效的。
