Departments of Neurobiology,, Washington University School Of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
Cerebellum. 2014 Feb;13(1):139-50. doi: 10.1007/s12311-013-0506-7.
Opinion is divided on what the exact function of the cerebellum is. Experiments are summarized that support the following views: (1) the cerebellum is a combiner of multiple movement factors; (2) it contains anatomically fixed permanent focal representation of individual body parts (muscles and segments) and movement modes (e.g., vestibular driven vs. cognitive driven); (3) it contains flexible changing representations/memory of physical properties of the body parts including muscle strength, segment inertia, joint viscosity, and segmental interaction torques (dynamics); (4) it contains mechanisms for learning and storage of the properties in item no. 3 through trial-and-error practice; (5) it provides for linkage of body parts, motor modes, and motordynamics via the parallel fiber system; (6) it combines and integrates the many factors so as to initiate coordinated movements of the many body parts; (7) it is thus enabled to play the unique role of initiating coordinated movements; and (8) this unique causative role is evidenced by the fact that: (a) electrical stimulation of the cerebellum can initiate compound coordinated movements; (b) in naturally initiated compound movements, cerebellar discharge precedes that in downstream target structures such as motor cerebral cortex; and (c) cerebellar ablation abolishes the natural production of compound movements in the awake alert individuals.
对于小脑的确切功能,人们的意见存在分歧。以下实验总结支持以下观点:(1)小脑是多种运动因素的组合;(2)它包含个体身体部位(肌肉和节段)和运动模式(例如,前庭驱动与认知驱动)的解剖固定的永久焦点表示;(3)它包含身体部位的物理特性的灵活变化的表示/记忆,包括肌肉力量、节段惯性、关节粘性和节段相互转矩(动力学);(4)它包含通过试错实践学习和存储项目 3 中属性的机制;(5)它通过平行纤维系统提供身体部位、运动模式和运动动力学的链接;(6)它结合和整合了许多因素,从而启动了许多身体部位的协调运动;(7)因此,它能够发挥启动协调运动的独特作用;(8)这种独特的因果作用的证据是:(a)小脑的电刺激可以启动复合协调运动;(b)在自然引发的复合运动中,小脑放电先于下游目标结构(如运动大脑皮层);(c)小脑消融会消除清醒警觉个体中自然产生的复合运动。