Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles and Adjunct Professor, Western Washington University.
J Cogn Neurosci. 1990 Fall;2(4):287-305. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1990.2.4.287.
After a CS-US learning trial, powerful feedback (FB) selectively modulates the hedonic value of the US, perhaps affecting the CS as well. FB. operates regardless of the subject's attributions or awareness, often influencing the subject's unconscious motives in a single trial. Most of the evidence comes from feeding research where the taste US and the internal FB are independently manipulated, but similar influences are at work with painful, thermal and sexual USs in a wide variety of species including humans. Implications for cognitive theorizing and neural research on mechanisms of learning are discussed.
在 CS-US 学习试验后，强大的反馈 (FB) 选择性地调节了 US 的愉悦价值，可能也影响了 CS。FB 操作不依赖于主体的归因或意识，经常在单次试验中影响主体的无意识动机。大多数证据来自于喂养研究，其中味觉 US 和内部 FB 是独立操作的，但在包括人类在内的多种物种中，类似的影响也存在于疼痛、热和性 US 中。本文讨论了对认知理论化和神经学习机制研究的影响。
