1The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, The Fredric Rieders Family Renaissance Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave., Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2013 Oct;37(8):547-51. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkt065. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
Twelve cases of suspected impaired driving are discussed in which the drivers who subsequently tested positive for synthetic cannabinoid drugs underwent a psychophysical assessment. The attitude of the drivers was described as cooperative and relaxed, speech was slow and slurred and coordination was poor. Pulse and blood pressure were generally elevated. Horizontal gaze nystagmus was assessed in nine of the subjects, but was present in only two. The most consistent indicator was a marked lack of convergence. In all cases where a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) officer evaluated and documented impairment (10 cases), it was attributed to the DRE cannabis category. Performance in field sobriety tests was variable, ranging from poor to minimal observable effect. Synthetic cannabinoid testing was performed by LC-MS-MS. Positive results included: JWH-018 (n = 4), 0.1-1.1 ng/mL; JWH-081 (n = 2) qualitative only; JWH-122 (n = 3), 2.5 ng/mL; JWH-210 (n = 4), 0.1 ng/mL; JWH-250 (n = 1), 0.38 ng/mL and AM-2201 (n = 6), 0.43-4.0 ng/mL. While there is good evidence of psychophysical impairment in these subjects, further structured data collection is needed to fully assess the relationship between synthetic cannabinoid use and psychomotor and cognitive impairment.
讨论了 12 例疑似药物影响驾驶的案例，这些驾驶员随后的合成大麻素药物检测呈阳性，他们接受了心理生理评估。驾驶员的态度表现为合作和放松，言语缓慢且含糊，协调能力较差。脉搏和血压普遍升高。在 9 名受试者中评估了水平凝视性眼球震颤，但仅在 2 名中存在。最一致的指标是明显缺乏收敛。在所有由药物识别专家（DRE）评估和记录损害的案例中（10 例），都归因于 DRE 大麻类别。在现场清醒测试中的表现各不相同，从较差到最小可观察到的效果。通过 LC-MS-MS 进行合成大麻素测试。阳性结果包括：JWH-018（n = 4），0.1-1.1 ng/mL；JWH-081（n = 2）定性检测；JWH-122（n = 3），2.5 ng/mL；JWH-210（n = 4），0.1 ng/mL；JWH-250（n = 1），0.38 ng/mL 和 AM-2201（n = 6），0.43-4.0 ng/mL。虽然这些受试者有很好的心理生理损害证据，但需要进一步的结构化数据收集来全面评估合成大麻素使用与精神运动和认知损害之间的关系。
