Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia.
Front Psychiatry. 2013 Aug 7;4:79. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00079. eCollection 2013.
Population-based surveys demonstrate cannabis users are more likely to use both illicit and licit substances, compared with non-cannabis users. Few studies have examined the substance use profiles of cannabis users referred for treatment. Co-existing mental health symptoms and underlying cannabis-related beliefs associated with these profiles remains unexplored.
Comprehensive drug use and dependence severity (Severity of Dependence Scale-Cannabis) data were collected on a sample of 826 cannabis users referred for treatment. Patients completed the General Health Questionnaire, Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire, Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Positive Symptoms and Manic-Excitement subscales of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Latent class analysis was performed on last month use of drugs to identify patterns of multiple drug use. Mental health comorbidity and cannabis beliefs were examined by identified drug use pattern.
A three-class solution provided the best fit to the data: (1) cannabis and tobacco users (n = 176), (2) cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol users (n = 498), and (3) wide-ranging substance users (n = 132). Wide-ranging substance users (3) reported higher levels of cannabis dependence severity, negative cannabis expectancies, lower opportunistic, and emotional relief self-efficacy, higher levels of depression and anxiety and higher manic-excitement and positive psychotic symptoms.
In a sample of cannabis users referred for treatment, wide-ranging substance use was associated with elevated risk on measures of cannabis dependence, co-morbid psychopathology, and dysfunctional cannabis cognitions. These findings have implications for cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment.
基于人群的调查表明，与非大麻使用者相比，大麻使用者更有可能同时使用非法和合法物质。很少有研究调查过接受治疗的大麻使用者的物质使用情况。与这些情况相关的共存心理健康症状和潜在的大麻相关信念仍未得到探索。
在 826 名接受治疗的大麻使用者样本中收集了全面的药物使用和依赖严重程度（大麻依赖严重程度量表）数据。患者完成了一般健康问卷、大麻期望问卷、大麻拒绝自我效能问卷以及简明精神病评定量表的阳性症状和躁狂兴奋分量表。对上个月的药物使用情况进行潜在类别分析，以确定多种药物使用的模式。通过确定的药物使用模式检查精神健康共病和大麻信念。
三种解决方案为数据提供了最佳拟合：（1）大麻和烟草使用者（n=176），（2）大麻、烟草和酒精使用者（n=498），以及（3）广泛的物质使用者（n=132）。广泛的物质使用者（3）报告了更高水平的大麻依赖严重程度、消极的大麻期望、较低的机会主义和情绪缓解自我效能、更高水平的抑郁和焦虑以及更高的躁狂兴奋和阳性精神病症状。
在接受治疗的大麻使用者样本中，广泛的物质使用与大麻依赖、共病精神病理学和功能失调的大麻认知的衡量标准上的风险增加有关。这些发现对认知行为评估和治疗具有启示意义。
