Sannia Andrea, Natalizia Anna R, Parodi Alessandro, Malova Mariya, Fumagalli Monica, Rossi Andrea, Ramenghi Luca A
a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova , Italy .
b NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy , and.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015 Nov;28 Suppl 1:2268-72. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.796166. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
In recent decades, there has been a general increase in survival rates of preterm and low birth weight infants, but this overall decrease in perinatal mortality has not been accompanied by a decrease in long-term physical and mental disability. In order to reduce the long-term sequelae of prematurity and to establish preventive measures, it is important to identify risk factors since the main determinant of specific vulnerability to different types of lesions is gestational age. The regional tissue vulnerability at a given gestational age is probably determined by the local metabolic requirements together with specific cell characteristics and their level of maturation. In this article, we discuss the most common neonatal cerebral lesions (cerebellar haemorrhage, germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, arterial ischaemic stroke, cerebral vein sinus thrombosis and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy) related to the gestational age-dependent vulnerability of the premature brain.
近几十年来，早产和低体重婴儿的存活率普遍有所提高，但围产期死亡率的总体下降并未伴随着长期身心残疾的减少。为了降低早产的长期后遗症并制定预防措施，识别风险因素很重要，因为对不同类型损伤的特定易感性的主要决定因素是胎龄。特定胎龄时的局部组织易损性可能由局部代谢需求以及特定细胞特征及其成熟水平决定。在本文中，我们讨论了与早产脑的胎龄依赖性易损性相关的最常见新生儿脑损伤（小脑出血、生发基质脑室内出血、脑室周围白质软化、动脉缺血性中风、脑静脉窦血栓形成和缺氧缺血性脑病）。
