Raets M M A, Dudink J, Govaert P
a Department of Neonatology .
b Department of Radiology .
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015 Nov;28 Suppl 1:2286-90. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2013.796169. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
The germinal matrix (GM) is a richly vascularized, transient layer near the ventricles. It produces neurons and glial cells, and is present in the foetal brain between 8 and 36 weeks of gestation. At 25 weeks, it reaches its maximum volume and subsequently withers. The GM is vulnerable to haemorrhage in preterm infants. This selective vulnerability is explained by limited astrocyte end-feet coverage of microvessels, reduced expression of fibronectin and immature tight junctions. Focal lesions in the neonatal period include haemorrhage, germinolysis and stroke. Such lesions in transient layers interrupt normal brain maturation and induce neurodevelopmental sequelae.
生发基质（GM）是脑室附近血管丰富的短暂层。它产生神经元和神经胶质细胞，存在于妊娠8至36周的胎儿大脑中。在25周时，它达到最大体积，随后萎缩。生发基质在早产儿中易发生出血。这种选择性易损性的原因是微血管的星形胶质细胞终足覆盖有限、纤连蛋白表达减少以及紧密连接不成熟。新生儿期的局灶性病变包括出血、生发基质溶解和中风。这些短暂层中的病变会中断正常的大脑成熟并诱发神经发育后遗症。
