Departamentos de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), C.P. 14269, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:705121. doi: 10.1155/2013/705121. Epub 2013 Jul 21.
Epidemiological studies suggest that including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in regular dietary intake might prevent and reverse cellular carcinogenesis, reducing the incidence of primary tumours. Bioactive components present in food can simultaneously modulate more than one carcinogenic process, including cancer metabolism, hormonal balance, transcriptional activity, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Some studies have shown an inverse correlation between a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and carotenoids and a low incidence of different types of cancer. Lycopene, the predominant carotenoid found in tomatoes, exhibits a high antioxidant capacity and has been shown to prevent cancer, as evidenced by clinical trials and studies in cell culture and animal models. In vitro studies have shown that lycopene treatment can selectively arrest cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. In vivo studies have revealed that lycopene treatment inhibits tumour growth in the liver, lung, prostate, breast, and colon. Clinical studies have shown that lycopene protects against prostate cancer. One of the main challenges in cancer prevention is the integration of new molecular findings into clinical practice. Thus, the identification of molecular biomarkers associated with lycopene levels is essential for improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying its antineoplastic activity.
流行病学研究表明，在日常饮食中摄入水果、蔬菜和全谷物可能有助于预防和逆转细胞癌变，降低原发性肿瘤的发病率。食物中的生物活性成分可以同时调节多种致癌过程，包括癌症代谢、激素平衡、转录活性、细胞周期控制、细胞凋亡、炎症、血管生成和转移。一些研究表明，富含水果、蔬菜和类胡萝卜素的饮食与不同类型癌症的低发病率之间存在反比关系。番茄红素是番茄中主要的类胡萝卜素，具有很高的抗氧化能力，已被临床研究和细胞培养及动物模型研究证明具有预防癌症的作用。体外研究表明，番茄红素处理可以选择性地阻止癌细胞生长并诱导癌细胞凋亡，而不影响正常细胞。体内研究表明，番茄红素处理可以抑制肝脏、肺、前列腺、乳房和结肠中的肿瘤生长。临床研究表明，番茄红素可预防前列腺癌。癌症预防的主要挑战之一是将新的分子发现整合到临床实践中。因此，确定与番茄红素水平相关的分子生物标志物对于提高我们对其抗肿瘤活性机制的理解至关重要。
