Department of Morphology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Altern Lab Anim. 2013 Jul;41(3):219-29. doi: 10.1177/026119291304100305.
The use of fish in scientific research is increasing worldwide, due to both the rapid expansion of the fish farming industry and growing awareness of questions concerning the humane use of mammalian models in basic research and chemical testing. As fish are lower on the evolutionary scale than mammals, they are considered to be less sentient. Fish models are providing researchers, and those concerned with animal welfare, with opportunities for adhering to the Three Rs principles of refinement, reduction and replacement. However, it should be kept in mind that fish should also be covered by the principles of the Three Rs. Indeed, various studies have shown that fish are capable of nociception, and of experiencing pain in a manner analogous to that in mammals. Thus, emphasis needs to be placed on the development of alternatives that replace, as much as possible, the use of all living vertebrate animals, including fish. This review gives the first comprehensive and critical overview of the existing alternatives for live fish experimental studies. The alternative methods described range from cell and tissue cultures, organ and perfusion models, and embryonic models, to in silico computer and mathematical models. This article aspires to guide scientists in the adoption of the correct alternative methods in their research, and, whenever possible, to reduce the use of live fish.
由于水产养殖行业的迅速扩张以及人们对基础研究和化学测试中使用哺乳动物模型的人道性问题的认识不断提高，鱼类在科学研究中的应用正在全球范围内增加。由于鱼类在进化上比哺乳动物低等，因此被认为感知能力较弱。鱼类模型为研究人员和关注动物福利的人员提供了机会，使他们能够遵守优化、减少和替代的三 R 原则。然而，应该记住，鱼类也应该遵守三 R 原则。事实上，各种研究表明，鱼类能够感受到伤害，并且能够以类似于哺乳动物的方式感受到疼痛。因此，需要强调开发替代方法，尽可能替代包括鱼类在内的所有活体脊椎动物的使用。这篇综述首次全面而批判性地概述了现有的活体鱼类实验研究替代方法。所描述的替代方法范围从细胞和组织培养、器官和灌注模型以及胚胎模型，到计算机和数学模型。本文旨在指导科学家在研究中采用正确的替代方法，并尽可能减少活体鱼类的使用。
