Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Int J Cardiol. 2013 Oct 9;168(4):3173-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.253. Epub 2013 Aug 3.
William Harvey's writings betray amazing insights born out of countless hours of thoughtful experimentation. Throughout his life, Harvey worked as a tireless and thoughtful researcher and a transmitter and intermediary between the ancient Greek natural philosophers and physicians and the "moderns," for whom he founded two forward-looking, interlinked sciences: modern physiology and nascent cardiology. Harvey's methodology and demonstrations were of such fundamental and standardizing nature as to secure the sure progress of these two sciences. Thus, he rendered to them such a service as Descartes's cogito ergo sum furnished to Philosophy in giving it a rational standard of certainty, for want of which the more speculative minds of that era were inundated with extraordinary conjectures. If Harvey disproved Galen, he absorbed and continued in his physiologic research many a principle from Aristotle, whose supreme disciple he remains. The guidance and authority of Aristotle were strong with him to the end. Harvey's account of the motions of the heart and blood in the circulation demonstrated that complex physiological systems can be represented in straightforward mechanical terms, a concept which has remained fundamental to the present day. The philosophical implication of William Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood was the resolute application of the experimental method to cardiology. In my judgment, he established today's forward-looking discipline of translational cardiovascular research. In due course, he should be widely acknowledged to have done so.
威廉·哈维的著作揭示了令人惊叹的洞察力,这些洞察力源于无数小时深思熟虑的实验。在他的一生中,哈维作为一名孜孜不倦、深思熟虑的研究人员,以及古希腊自然哲学家和医生与“现代人”之间的传播者和中介,为他们创立了两门前瞻性的、相互关联的科学:现代生理学和初露头角的心脏病学。哈维的方法和演示具有如此基本和标准化的性质,以至于确保了这两门科学的稳步发展。因此,他为这两门学科提供了一项服务,就像笛卡尔的“我思故我在”为哲学提供了一个理性的确定性标准一样,因为那个时代更具思辨性的头脑被淹没在非凡的猜测中。如果说哈维推翻了盖伦,那么他在生理学研究中吸收并继续沿用了亚里士多德的许多原则,他仍然是亚里士多德的最高弟子。亚里士多德的指导和权威一直伴随着他直到生命的尽头。哈维对心脏和血液在循环中的运动的描述表明,复杂的生理系统可以用简单的机械术语来表示,这一概念至今仍是基础。威廉·哈维发现血液循环的哲学含义是坚决将实验方法应用于心脏病学。在我看来,他建立了当今前瞻性的转化心血管研究学科。到时候,他应该得到广泛的认可。