Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Oct;13(5):514-20. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e328364ebeb.
This article reviews recent findings on the skin microbiome. It provides an update on the current understanding of the role of microbiota in healthy skin and in inflammatory and allergic skin diseases.
Advances in computing and high-throughput sequencing technology have enabled in-depth analysis of microbiota composition and functionality of human skin. Most data generated to date are related to the skin microbiome of healthy volunteers, but recent studies have also addressed the dynamics of the microbiome in diseased and injured skin. Currently, reports are emerging that evaluate the strategies to manipulate the skin microbiome, intending to modulate diseases and/or their symptoms.
The microbiome of normal human skin was found to have a high diversity and high interpersonal variation. Microbiota compositions of diseased lesional skin (in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis) showed distinct differences compared with healthy skin. The function of microbial colonization in establishing immune system homeostasis has been reported, whereas host-microbe interactions and genetically determined variation of stratum corneum properties might be linked to skin dysbiosis. Both are relevant for cutaneous disorders with aberrant immune responses and/or disturbed skin barrier function. Modulation of skin microbiota composition to restore host-microbiota homeostasis could be future strategies to treat or prevent disease.
本文回顾了皮肤微生物组的最新发现。它提供了对微生物群在健康皮肤以及炎症性和过敏性皮肤疾病中的作用的最新认识。
计算和高通量测序技术的进步使人们能够深入分析人类皮肤的微生物群落组成和功能。迄今为止生成的大多数数据都与健康志愿者的皮肤微生物组有关，但最近的研究也解决了患病和受损皮肤中微生物组的动态问题。目前，有报告评估了操纵皮肤微生物组的策略，旨在调节疾病和/或其症状。
正常人类皮肤的微生物组具有高度多样性和高度人际间变异性。与健康皮肤相比，患病皮损（特应性皮炎和银屑病）的皮肤微生物组组成显示出明显的差异。微生物定植在建立免疫系统稳态中的功能已经被报道，而宿主-微生物相互作用和角质层特性的遗传决定的变异可能与皮肤失调有关。这两者都与异常免疫反应和/或受损的皮肤屏障功能相关的皮肤疾病有关。调节皮肤微生物组组成以恢复宿主-微生物组稳态可能是治疗或预防疾病的未来策略。
