School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 19;8(8):e71459. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071459. eCollection 2013.
Paternal obesity is now clearly associated with or causal of impaired embryo and fetal development and reduced pregnancy rates in humans and rodents. This appears to be a result of reduced blastocyst potential. Whether these adverse embryo and fetal outcomes can be ameliorated by interventions to reduce paternal obesity has not been established. Here, male mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were used, to determine if early embryo and fetal development is improved by interventions of diet (CD) and/or exercise to reduce adiposity and improve metabolism. Exercise and to a lesser extent CD in obese males improved embryo development rates, with increased cell to cell contacts in the compacting embryo measured by E-cadherin in exercise interventions and subsequently, increased blastocyst trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast cell numbers. Implantation rates and fetal development from resulting blastocysts were also improved by exercise in obese males. Additionally, all interventions to obese males increased fetal weight, with CD alone and exercise alone, also increasing fetal crown-rump length. Measures of embryo and fetal development correlated with paternal measures of glycaemia, insulin action and serum lipids regardless of paternal adiposity or intervention, suggesting a link between paternal metabolic health and subsequent embryo and fetal development. This is the first study to show that improvements to metabolic health of obese males through diet and exercise can improve embryo and fetal development, suggesting such interventions are likely to improve offspring health.
父系肥胖现在显然与胚胎和胎儿发育受损以及人类和啮齿动物的妊娠率降低有关，或者是其成因。这似乎是囊胚潜力降低的结果。通过干预措施来减少父系肥胖是否可以改善这些不良的胚胎和胎儿结局尚未确定。在这里，使用高脂肪饮食（HFD）喂养雄性小鼠以诱导肥胖，以确定通过饮食（CD）和/或运动干预来减少肥胖和改善代谢是否可以改善早期胚胎和胎儿发育。运动干预和在肥胖雄性中运动的干预措施在一定程度上改善了胚胎发育率，通过 E-钙黏蛋白测量致密胚胎中的细胞间接触增加，随后，囊胚滋养外胚层（TE）、内细胞团（ICM）和上胚层细胞数量增加。运动还改善了肥胖雄性的胚胎着床率和胎儿发育。此外，所有干预肥胖雄性的措施都增加了胎儿体重，而单独的 CD 和运动也增加了胎儿的头臀长。无论父系肥胖或干预如何，胚胎和胎儿发育的测量结果都与父系血糖、胰岛素作用和血清脂质的测量结果相关，这表明父系代谢健康与随后的胚胎和胎儿发育之间存在联系。这是第一项表明通过饮食和运动改善肥胖男性的代谢健康可以改善胚胎和胎儿发育的研究，这表明此类干预措施可能改善后代的健康。
