Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest.
Psychol Aging. 2013 Dec;28(4):902-9. doi: 10.1037/a0033263. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
Although it is generally agreed that recall performance declines more than recognition memory performance in the course of normal aging, there are some dissenting voices. There are also a few empirical findings that cast doubt on that conclusion. In light of these ambiguities the present experiments were designed to answer the question in a more definitive fashion. Over a series of 3 experiments, groups of younger and older adults performed recall and recognition tests successively on the same lists of words. Several analyses of the resulting data converge on the conclusion that there is a consistent age-related decrement in recall that is disproportionately greater than the age-related decrement in recognition. This conclusion is in line with several theoretical accounts of age-related differences in cognitive processing and also with emerging evidence from cognitive neuroscience.
尽管人们普遍认为，在正常衰老过程中，回忆性能的下降速度超过了识别记忆性能，但也有一些不同的声音。也有一些实证研究结果对这一结论提出了质疑。有鉴于此，本实验旨在以更明确的方式回答这个问题。在一系列 3 项实验中，年轻组和老年组的参与者分别在相同的单词列表上完成了回忆和识别测试。对所得数据的几种分析结果都表明，回忆能力会随着年龄的增长而持续下降，而且与识别能力相比，这种下降的幅度不成比例。这一结论与认知加工中与年龄相关的差异的几种理论解释一致，也与认知神经科学领域的新出现的证据一致。
