Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
J Sports Sci Med. 2024 Jun 1;23(2):276-288. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2024.276. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Agility, defined as the ability to rapidly respond to unforeseen events, constitutes a central performance component in football. Existing agility training approaches often focus on change of direction that does not reflect the complex motor-cognitive demands on the pitch. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of a novel motor-cognitive dual-task agility training (Multiple-object tracking integrated into agility training) on agility and football-specific test performance parameters, compared to agility and a change of direction (COD) training. Adult male amateur football players (n = 42; age: 27±6; height: 181±7cm; weight: 80±12kg) were randomly allocated to one of the three intervention groups (COD, agility, agility + multiple object tracking). The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), a dribbling test with/without cognitive task as well as the Random Star Run (with/without ball) and the modified T-Test were assessed before and after a 6-week training period. Time effects within the T-Test (F = 83.9; p < 0.001; η = 0.68) and dribbling test without cognitive task (F = 23.9; p < 0.001; η = 0.38) with improvements of all intervention groups (p < 0.05) were found. Dribbling with cognitive task revealed a time effect (F = 7.8; p = 0.008; η = 0.17), with improvements exclusively in the agility and dual-task agility groups (p < 0.05). Random Star Run with and without ball exhibited a time (F = 38.8; p < 0.001; η = 0.5; F = 82.7; p < 0.001; η = 0.68) and interaction effect (F = 14.14; p < 0.001; η = 0.42; F = 27.8; p < 0.001; η = 0.59), with improvements for the agility and dual-task agility groups. LSPT showed no time, group or interaction effect. The effects of change of direction training are limited to change of direction and dribbling test performance within preplanned scenarios. In contrast, motor-cognitive agility interventions result in notable enhancements in football-specific and agility tests, incorporating decision-making and multitasking components. No differences were observed between agility and agility + multiple object tracking. To achieve a transfer to game-relevant performance, coaches should focus on integrating cognitive challenges into motor training.
敏捷性，即快速应对突发事件的能力，是足球运动中的一个核心表现要素。现有的敏捷性训练方法通常侧重于改变方向，而无法反映球场上复杂的运动认知需求。本研究的目的是检验一种新的运动认知双重任务敏捷性训练（将多项跟踪融入敏捷性训练）与敏捷性和改变方向（COD）训练相比，对敏捷性和足球专项测试表现参数的影响。成年男性业余足球运动员（n = 42；年龄：27±6；身高：181±7cm；体重：80±12kg）被随机分配到三个干预组之一（COD、敏捷性、敏捷性+多项跟踪）。在 6 周的训练期前后，评估了 Loughborough 足球传球测试（LSPT）、有/无认知任务的运球测试以及随机星跑（有/无球）和改良 T 测试。T 测试中的时间效应（F = 83.9；p < 0.001；η = 0.68）和无认知任务的运球测试（F = 23.9；p < 0.001；η = 0.38）都有改善，所有干预组都有改善（p < 0.05）。带有认知任务的运球测试显示出时间效应（F = 7.8；p = 0.008；η = 0.17），仅在敏捷性和双重任务敏捷性组中有所改善（p < 0.05）。带球和不带球的随机星跑显示出时间（F = 38.8；p < 0.001；η = 0.5；F = 82.7；p < 0.001；η = 0.68）和交互效应（F = 14.14；p < 0.001；η = 0.42；F = 27.8；p < 0.001；η = 0.59），敏捷性和双重任务敏捷性组有改善。LSPT 没有时间、组或交互效应。改变方向训练的效果仅限于改变方向和有计划场景中的运球测试表现。相比之下，运动认知敏捷性干预可显著提高足球专项和敏捷性测试表现，纳入决策和多任务成分。敏捷性和敏捷性+多项跟踪之间没有差异。为了将训练效果转移到与比赛相关的表现上，教练应将认知挑战纳入运动训练中。
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