Ossa Fanny Carina, Bering Robert, Pietrowsky Reinhard
Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2013 Sep;41(5):309-17; quiz 316-7. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000246.
Nightmares may be seen as a symptom of traumatization in both children and adults. Nightmares are assumed to be more frequent and more distressing among traumatized children and adolescents than among those without trauma. A total of 38 traumatized and 40 nontraumatized children and adolescents were surveyed.
Nightmare-induced stress was measured with a questionnaire comprised of nine items (some of which concerned nightmare frequency and perceived intensity).
Traumatized children and adolescents overall report a significantly higher number of nightmares, which they perceive in a more intense and frightening way than their control group counterparts. Traumatized children and adolescents reported an average of 9.7 nightmares per month compared to 1.7 in nontraumatized participants. The number of nightmares in traumatized girls was twice that in traumatized boys.
Traumatized children and adolescents report fears of dream repetitions as well as feelings of helplessness during the nightmares and are thus influenced during the daytime significantly more often. Traumatized patients have more life-threatening and violent dreams. An increased frequency of nightmare and distress is also a specific feature in traumatized children and adolescents.
噩梦在儿童和成人中都可能被视为创伤的一种症状。人们认为，受过创伤的儿童和青少年比未受过创伤的儿童和青少年更容易频繁做噩梦，且噩梦带来的痛苦也更大。共有38名受过创伤的儿童和青少年以及40名未受过创伤的儿童和青少年参与了调查。
使用一份由九个项目组成的问卷来测量噩梦引发的压力（其中一些项目涉及噩梦频率和感知强度）。
总体而言，受过创伤的儿童和青少年报告的噩梦数量明显更多，他们对噩梦的感知比对照组的同龄人更强烈、更可怕。受过创伤的儿童和青少年每月平均做9.7次噩梦，而未受过创伤的参与者平均每月做1.7次噩梦。受过创伤的女孩做噩梦的次数是受过创伤的男孩的两倍。
受过创伤的儿童和青少年报告说害怕梦境重复，以及在噩梦中感到无助，因此白天受到影响的频率明显更高。受过创伤的患者会做更多危及生命和暴力的梦。噩梦频率增加和痛苦也是受过创伤的儿童和青少年的一个特定特征。
