School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013 Oct;46(4):488-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
To determine the effects of sclerosant foam preparation and composition on foam structure, the time course of liquid drainage, and foam coarsening.
Sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) and polidocanol (POL) foams were investigated in a range of concentrations (0.5-3%) and liquid-plus-air fractions (LAF; 1 + 2 to 1 + 8). Foam was injected into a vein simulation model (polyvinyl chloride tubing, inner diameter 3 mm, constant pressure 5-7 mmHg) filled with saline or blood. Liquid drainage, bubble count, and diameter were measured and documented by serial photography.
Liquid drainage was faster in the vertical position than the horizontal one. In all variations, very small bubbles (diameter <30 μm) were generated initially that coarsened to form micro-foams (<250 μm). By 3 minutes mini-foams (>250 μm) and by 7.5 minutes macro-foams (>500 μm) were formed. Following injection, the upper regions of foam coarsened faster as liquid drained to the bottom of the vessel. Wet preparations produced significantly smaller bubbles. Low concentration POL foam produced significantly higher bubble counts and coarsened slower than STS.
Foam structure is strongly influenced by the LAF. Despite the initial formation of micro-bubbles in the syringe, mini- and macro-bubbles are formed in target vessels with time post-injection.
确定硬化剂泡沫制剂和组成对泡沫结构、液体排出时间过程和泡沫变粗的影响。
研究了十四烷基硫酸钠（STS）和聚多卡醇（POL）泡沫在一系列浓度（0.5-3%）和液-气比（LAF；1+2 至 1+8）下的情况。将泡沫注入充满生理盐水或血液的静脉模拟模型（聚氯乙烯管，内径 3 毫米，恒压 5-7mmHg）中。通过连续摄影测量液体排出、气泡计数和直径，并记录下来。
垂直位置的液体排出速度比水平位置快。在所有变化中，最初会产生非常小的气泡（直径<30μm），然后变粗形成微泡沫（<250μm）。3 分钟后形成微泡沫（>250μm），7.5 分钟后形成大泡沫（>500μm）。注射后，随着液体排到容器底部，泡沫的上部区域变粗更快。湿制剂产生的气泡明显更小。低浓度 POL 泡沫产生的气泡计数明显更高，变粗速度比 STS 慢。
泡沫结构受 LAF 的强烈影响。尽管注射器中最初形成了微气泡，但随着时间的推移，在注射后目标血管中会形成微泡和大泡。
