Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maturitas. 2013 Oct;76(2):172-8. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
To evaluate menopausal symptoms and their associated factors in HIV-positive women.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 537 women of 40-60 years of age, 273 of whom were HIV-positive and 264 HIV-negative. The women were interviewed to obtain data on their sociodemographic characteristics and menopausal symptoms.
The mean age of the seropositive women was 47.7±5.8 years compared to 49.8±5.3 for the seronegative women (p<0.001). Bivariate analysis showed a lower prevalence of vasomotor symptoms in the seropositive group (p=0.009), specifically hot flashes (p<0.002) and sweating (p=0.049). Vaginal dryness was also less prevalent in this group (p<0.005). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to depression or insomnia. Multiple analysis showed that hot flashes were associated with being peri- or postmenopausal (PR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.52-2.94). Vaginal dryness was less common in women without a partner (PR=0.67; 95%CI: 0.49-0.90) and was associated with older age (PR=1.03; 95%CI: 1.01-1.06) and being in the peri- or postmenopause (PR=1.69; 95%CI: 1.10-2.60). Depression was inversely associated with being employed (PR=0.74; 95%CI: 0.58-0.96) and directly associated with the presence of chronic diseases (PR=1.30; 95%CI: 1.01-1.067). Insomnia was associated with a lower body mass index (PR=0.96; 95%CI: 0.95-0.97) and with being peri- or postmenopausal (PR=1.48; 95%CI: 1.11-1.97). No correlation was found between HIV serological status and any of the menopausal symptoms.
In this study, after controlling for confounding variables, HIV infection was not found to be associated with vasomotor, genitourinary or psychological symptoms or with insomnia.
评估 HIV 阳性女性的更年期症状及其相关因素。
本研究采用了横断面研究方法，共纳入 537 名 40-60 岁的女性，其中 273 名为 HIV 阳性，264 名为 HIV 阴性。通过访谈获得女性的社会人口学特征和更年期症状数据。
与 HIV 阴性组相比，HIV 阳性组女性的平均年龄为 47.7±5.8 岁，而 HIV 阴性组为 49.8±5.3 岁（p<0.001）。单因素分析显示，HIV 阳性组的血管舒缩症状发生率较低（p=0.009），具体表现为热潮红（p<0.002）和出汗（p=0.049）。该组阴道干燥的发生率也较低（p<0.005）。两组在抑郁或失眠方面无统计学差异。多因素分析显示，热潮红与围绝经期或绝经后状态有关（PR=2.12；95%CI：1.52-2.94）。无伴侣的女性阴道干燥发生率较低（PR=0.67；95%CI：0.49-0.90），且与年龄较大（PR=1.03；95%CI：1.01-1.06）和围绝经期或绝经后状态（PR=1.69；95%CI：1.10-2.60）有关。抑郁与就业呈负相关（PR=0.74；95%CI：0.58-0.96），与慢性疾病的存在直接相关（PR=1.30；95%CI：1.01-1.067）。失眠与较低的体重指数（PR=0.96；95%CI：0.95-0.97）和围绝经期或绝经后状态（PR=1.48；95%CI：1.11-1.97）有关。HIV 血清学状态与任何一种更年期症状均无相关性。
在本研究中，控制混杂因素后，未发现 HIV 感染与血管舒缩、泌尿生殖系统或心理症状或失眠有关。
