Roemer M I, Roemer R
UCLA School of Public Health 90024.
Am J Public Health. 1990 Oct;80(10):1188-92. doi: 10.2105/ajph.80.10.1188.
In spite of extreme differences in health status between the more developed and less developed countries, trends of infant mortality and life expectancy show substantial improvements in both types of country between 1950 and 1980. These improvements may be attributed to three types of change: 1) socio-economic development with decolonization, increased industrialization, growth of gross domestic product, urbanization, the gains of women, and enhanced education; 2) cross-national influences due to greater international trade, the spread of technology, and widespread affirmation of human rights; and 3) national health system development through expanded governmental health programs. Further improvements will depend on greater strength in public sector health services rather than private sector services which aggravate inequities.
尽管发达国家和欠发达国家在健康状况上存在极大差异，但在1950年至1980年间，两类国家的婴儿死亡率和预期寿命趋势都有显著改善。这些改善可归因于三种变化：1）随着非殖民化、工业化程度提高、国内生产总值增长、城市化、妇女地位提升以及教育的加强而带来的社会经济发展；2）由于国际贸易增加、技术传播以及人权的广泛确认而产生的跨国影响；3）通过扩大政府卫生项目实现的国家卫生系统发展。进一步的改善将取决于公共部门卫生服务而非加剧不平等的私营部门服务的更大力度。
