Zoonoses Division, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada. nicholas.ogden@ phac-aspc.gc.ca
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013 Aug 29;3:46. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00046. eCollection 2013.
The geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are changing due to global and local environmental (including climatic) changes. In this review we explore current knowledge of the drivers for changes in the ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogen species and strains via effects on their basic reproduction number (R 0), and the mechanisms of dispersal that allow ticks and tick-borne pathogens to invade suitable environments. Using the expanding geographic distribution of the vectors and agent of Lyme disease as an example we then investigate what could be expected of the diversity of tick-borne pathogens during the process of range expansion, and compare this with what is currently being observed. Lastly we explore how historic population and range expansions and contractions could be reflected in the phylogeography of ticks and tick-borne pathogens seen in recent years, and conclude that combined study of currently changing tick and tick-borne pathogen ranges and diversity, with phylogeographic analysis, may help us better predict future patterns of invasion and diversity.
由于全球和局部环境（包括气候）变化，蜱虫和蜱传病原体的地理分布范围正在发生变化。在这篇综述中，我们通过对其基本繁殖数（R0）的影响，以及允许蜱虫和蜱传病原体入侵适宜环境的传播机制，探讨了导致蜱虫和蜱传病原体分布范围变化的驱动因素。我们使用莱姆病传播媒介和病原体的地理分布的扩展作为一个例子，然后研究在分布范围扩大过程中可能会出现什么样的蜱传病原体多样性，并将其与目前的观察结果进行比较。最后，我们探讨了历史上的种群和分布范围的扩大和收缩如何在近年来蜱虫和蜱传病原体的系统地理学中反映出来，并得出结论，对当前变化的蜱虫和蜱传病原体的范围和多样性与系统地理学分析的综合研究，可能有助于我们更好地预测未来的入侵和多样性模式。
