Hartenstein Volker, Wodarz Andreas
Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2013 Sep-Oct;2(5):701-21. doi: 10.1002/wdev.111. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
Early neurogenesis comprises the phase of nervous system development during which neural progenitor cells are born. In early development, the embryonic ectoderm is subdivided by a conserved signaling mechanism into two main domains, the epidermal ectoderm and the neurectoderm. Subsequently, cells of the neurectoderm are internalized and form a cell layer of proliferating neural progenitors. In vertebrates, the entire neurectoderm folds into the embryo to give rise to the neural tube. In Drosophila and many other invertebrates, a subset of neurectodermal cells, called neuroblasts (NBs), delaminates and forms the neural primordium inside the embryo where they divide in an asymmetric, stem cell-like mode. The remainder of the neurectodermal cells that stay behind at the surface loose their neurogenic potential and later give rise to the ventral part of the epidermis. The genetic and molecular analysis of the mechanisms controlling specification and proliferation of NBs in the Drosophila embryo, which played a significant part in pioneering the field of modern developmental neurobiology, represents the topic of this review.
早期神经发生包括神经系统发育的一个阶段，在此期间神经祖细胞诞生。在早期发育过程中，胚胎外胚层通过一种保守的信号传导机制被细分为两个主要区域，即表皮外胚层和神经外胚层。随后，神经外胚层的细胞内化并形成一层增殖的神经祖细胞。在脊椎动物中，整个神经外胚层折叠进入胚胎形成神经管。在果蝇和许多其他无脊椎动物中，神经外胚层细胞的一个子集，称为神经母细胞（NBs），脱层并在胚胎内部形成神经原基，它们以不对称的、类似干细胞的方式进行分裂。留在表面的其余神经外胚层细胞失去其神经发生潜能，随后形成表皮的腹侧部分。果蝇胚胎中控制神经母细胞特化和增殖机制的遗传和分子分析在开创现代发育神经生物学领域中发挥了重要作用，是本综述的主题。
