University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California.
Ann Fam Med. 2013 Sep-Oct;11(5):429-36. doi: 10.1370/afm.1542.
Approximately 50,000 adults die annually from vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. Most traditional vaccine providers (eg, physician offices) administer vaccinations during standard clinic hours, but community pharmacies offer expanded hours that allow patients to be vaccinated at convenient times. We analyzed the types of vaccines administered and patient populations vaccinated during off-clinic hours in a national community pharmacy, and their implications for vaccination access and convenience.
We retrospectively reviewed data for all vaccinations given at the Walgreens pharmacy chain between August 2011 and July 2012. The time of vaccination was categorized as occurring during traditional hours (9:00 am-6:00 pm weekdays) or off-clinic hours, consisting of weekday evenings, weekends, and federal holidays. We compared demographic characteristics and types of vaccine. We used a logistic regression model to identify predictors of being vaccinated during off-clinic hours.
During the study period, pharmacists administered 6,250,402 vaccinations, of which 30.5% were provided during off-clinic hours: 17.4% were provided on weekends, 10.2% on evenings, and 2.9% on holidays. Patients had significantly higher odds of off-clinic vaccination if they were younger than 65 years of age, were male, resided in an urban area, and did not have any chronic conditions.
A large proportion of adults being vaccinated receive their vaccines during evening, weekend, and holiday hours at the pharmacy, when traditional vaccine providers are likely unavailable. Younger, working-aged, healthy adults, in particular, a variety of immunizations during off-clinic hours. With the low rates of adult and adolescent vaccination in the United States, community pharmacies are creating new opportunities for vaccination that expand access and convenience.
在美国，每年约有 5 万名成年人死于可通过疫苗预防的疾病。大多数传统疫苗接种提供者（例如医生办公室）在标准诊所时间内接种疫苗，但社区药房提供延长的时间，使患者可以在方便的时间接种疫苗。我们分析了在全国社区药房中，在非诊所时间接种的疫苗类型和接种的患者人群，并探讨了其对疫苗接种机会和便利性的影响。
我们回顾性分析了 2011 年 8 月至 2012 年 7 月期间 Walgreens 连锁药房的所有疫苗接种数据。接种时间分为传统时间（工作日上午 9:00 至下午 6:00）和非诊所时间，包括工作日晚上、周末和联邦假日。我们比较了人口统计学特征和疫苗类型。我们使用逻辑回归模型来确定在非诊所时间接种疫苗的预测因素。
在研究期间，药剂师接种了 6250402 剂疫苗，其中 30.5%是在非诊所时间接种的：17.4%是在周末接种的，10.2%是在晚上接种的，2.9%是在节假日接种的。如果患者年龄小于 65 岁、男性、居住在城市地区且没有任何慢性疾病，则他们在非诊所时间接种疫苗的可能性显著更高。
很大一部分接受疫苗接种的成年人在药房的晚上、周末和节假日时间接种疫苗，而传统的疫苗接种提供者在这些时间可能无法提供服务。尤其是年轻、工作年龄的健康成年人，在非诊所时间接种了各种疫苗。鉴于美国成年人和青少年疫苗接种率较低，社区药房正在创造新的疫苗接种机会，扩大了接种机会和便利性。
