O'Gorman Claire, Denieffe Suzanne, Gooney Martina
Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
J Clin Nurs. 2014 Feb;23(3-4):333-51. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12138. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
This paper presents a critical review of published literature detailing side effects of preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer and the impact of their treatment on their quality of life which will assist in guiding nursing management in the future.
Preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer leads to a number of side effects that have a negative influence on patients' quality of life. Although studies have investigated the various adverse effects that can occur, these have not yet been critically appraised and synopsised to form a comprehensive review of their prevalence and effects on the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer.
This literature review study addresses the aims and objectives.
Following a literature search of electronic databases, 23 articles were retrieved that met the selection criteria with papers discussed in relation to symptoms that present due to this treatment, with six of these 23 studies also referring to health-related quality of life.
Preoperative radiotherapy leads to a number of common adverse effects including diarrhoea, dermatological problems, micturition problems, fatigue, sexual dysfunction and pain. Some can lead to a decline in quality of life during treatment and cause prolonged surgical recovery times, but there appears to be no long-term deterioration in quality of life.
There is a paucity of literature that specifically examines fatigue and quality of life in relation to patients with rectal cancer during preoperative radiotherapy treatment.
Awareness of the prevalence and severity of the acute side effects of preoperative radiotherapy will enable nurses to thoroughly assess these symptoms, plan and implement appropriate interventions and evaluate outcomes. This will assist in optimising the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer and may hasten postoperative recovery times.
本文对已发表文献进行了批判性综述，详细阐述了直肠癌患者术前放疗的副作用及其治疗对患者生活质量的影响，这将有助于指导未来的护理管理。
直肠癌术前放疗会导致多种副作用，对患者的生活质量产生负面影响。尽管已有研究调查了可能出现的各种不良反应，但尚未对这些研究进行批判性评估和综合分析，以形成对其发生率及其对直肠癌患者生活质量影响的全面综述。
本综述性研究旨在实现上述目的与目标。
在对电子数据库进行文献检索后，共检索到23篇符合入选标准的文章，这些文章讨论了因该治疗而出现的症状，其中23项研究中的6项还涉及与健康相关的生活质量。
术前放疗会导致多种常见不良反应，包括腹泻、皮肤问题、排尿问题、疲劳、性功能障碍和疼痛。有些不良反应会导致治疗期间生活质量下降，并延长手术恢复时间，但生活质量似乎没有长期恶化。
专门研究直肠癌患者术前放疗期间疲劳与生活质量的文献较少。
了解术前放疗急性副作用的发生率和严重程度，将使护士能够全面评估这些症状，计划和实施适当的干预措施并评估结果。这将有助于优化直肠癌患者的生活质量，并可能加快术后恢复时间。
