Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 601 South Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Sep 12;10(9):4306-22. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10094306.
While previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tobacco control interventions in reducing tobacco use among youth overall, there have been very few studies that examine the potential differential impact of tobacco control policies on various youth subgroups, defined by socio-economic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and gender.
We examined the relationship between state-level cigarette prices and smoke-free air laws and youth smoking prevalence and intensity for various youth sub-populations in the United States.
We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2010 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project.
We found that real cigarette prices are strong determinants of youth smoking. Blacks, females, Hispanics, and low-SES subpopulations are found to have a larger price response with respect to smoking prevalence than the full sample. Smoke-free air laws are found to have a negative effect on smoking prevalence for the full sample and for the male, white, and high-SES sub-populations.
This research concludes that higher cigarette prices will reduce smoking prevalence rates of Blacks, Hispanics, females, and low-SES subpopulations faster than the overall youth population and other youth sub-populations. Moreover, this research concludes that smoke-free air laws will reduce smoking prevalence for the overall youth population with the largest reductions in high SES and male subpopulations.
尽管先前的研究已经证明了控烟干预措施在减少青少年整体吸烟方面的有效性,但很少有研究检验控烟政策对不同青年亚群(按社会经济地位、种族/族裔和性别划分)的潜在差异影响。
我们研究了美国不同青年亚群(按社会经济地位、种族/族裔和性别划分)的州级香烟价格和无烟空气法与青少年吸烟率和吸烟强度之间的关系。
我们使用了来自 1991 年至 2010 年全国代表性的 8 年级、10 年级和 12 年级学生监测未来项目调查的数据,采用两部分模型估计了香烟需求。
我们发现实际香烟价格是青少年吸烟的重要决定因素。与全样本相比,黑人、女性、西班牙裔和低社会经济地位亚群在吸烟率方面对价格的反应更大。无烟空气法对全样本以及男性、白人、高社会经济地位亚群的吸烟率有负面影响。
这项研究得出的结论是,更高的香烟价格将使黑人、西班牙裔、女性和低社会经济地位亚群的吸烟率下降速度快于整体青少年人口和其他青年亚群。此外,这项研究还得出结论,无烟空气法将降低整体青少年人口的吸烟率,其中高 SES 和男性亚群的降幅最大。