Business School, Universidad de Las Américas, Escuela de Negocios, Quito, Ecuador.
Business School, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
PLoS One. 2024 Apr 19;19(4):e0302293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302293. eCollection 2024.
Smoking is a worldwide epidemic and increased prices are one of the most cost-effective measures to reduce tobacco consumption. This article aims to estimate the price and income elasticity of cigarettes for different population groups in Ecuador. The National Survey of Urban and Rural Household Income and Expenditures (ENIGHUR) 2011-2012 was used, which has information on household cigarette consumption and its sociodemographic characteristics. Deaton's Almost Ideal Demand System, which decouples the effect of quality on the price of the good, was applied. The elasticities were calculated for several groups: urban/rural, income levels (tertiles), education level, sex and age ranges of the household head, and frequency of cigarette purchases in households. The estimated price elasticity nationwide is -0.89 and the income elasticity is 0.41, both statistically significant. Households headed by women (-2.22) are more sensitive to an increase in cigarette prices than those headed by men (-0.65) and households headed by people between 20 and 40 years of age (-2.32) have a higher price elasticity compared to country-level estimations. Differences within other groups are not statistically significant.
吸烟是一种全球性的流行疾病，提高价格是减少烟草消费最具成本效益的措施之一。本文旨在估算厄瓜多尔不同人群的香烟价格和收入弹性。本研究使用了 2011-2012 年全国城市和农村家庭收入和支出调查（ENIGHUR）的数据，该调查提供了有关家庭香烟消费及其社会人口特征的信息。采用了 Deaton 的几乎理想需求系统（Decouples the effect of quality on the price of the good），该系统将质量对商品价格的影响分离出来。针对几个群体计算了弹性：城乡、收入水平（三分位数）、教育水平、户主性别和年龄范围以及家庭购买香烟的频率。全国范围内的估计价格弹性为-0.89，收入弹性为 0.41，均具有统计学意义。与男性（-0.65）相比，女性（-2.22）为户主的家庭对香烟价格上涨更为敏感，与全国水平估计相比，20 至 40 岁的家庭（-2.32）的价格弹性更高。其他群体内部的差异没有统计学意义。
