WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Dec 7;42(23):9000-10. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60270b. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
Porous materials are widely employed as supports in the immobilisation of enzymes. Traditionally macroporous materials with pore diameters >50 nm were believed to be the most suitable support material, ensuring no spatial restrictions upon enzyme molecules entering such large pores. In recent years however, there has been growing emphasis in the use of mesoporous supports with pore diameters ranging between 2 and 50 nm. It is thought this smaller pore range may offer enhanced conformational stability to immobilised enzymes while not being so small as to restrict enzyme access. Despite their increasing popularity, many argue that mesoporous materials have not yet proven superior to traditional macroporous supports for enzyme immobilisation. Through the design and application of a unique confidence rating system we were able to accurately compare data and establish trends between pore characteristics and protein loading. By analysing published data (182 experiments in total) and extracting pore characteristics and protein loading values, we have described three categories of pore diameters in which correlations between pore characteristics and protein loading are noted. With pore diameters less than 10 nm we see a general decrease in protein loading as the enzymes find physical restrictions in accessing the high surface offered in this pore diameter range. At pore sizes greater than 100 nm, protein loading generally decreases due to a concomitant reduction in available surface area. In the pore range of 10-100 nm there it is expected to see a decrease in protein loading level with increasing pore diameter. In fact protein loading in this range remains largely constant, suggesting some degree of protein-protein interaction blocking pores and restricting access to the increasing surface area available at decreasing pore diameters. No trends were established between pore characteristics and retention of activity.
多孔材料被广泛用作酶固定化的载体。传统上，孔径>50nm 的大孔材料被认为是最适合的载体材料，因为它不会对进入大孔的酶分子产生空间限制。然而，近年来，孔径在 2nm 到 50nm 之间的介孔载体越来越受到重视。人们认为，这种较小的孔径范围可以为固定化酶提供更好的构象稳定性，而不会因为孔径过小而限制酶的进入。尽管介孔材料越来越受欢迎，但许多人认为，它们在酶固定化方面尚未证明优于传统的大孔载体。通过设计和应用独特的置信评级系统，我们能够准确地比较数据并确定孔径特征与蛋白质负载之间的趋势。通过分析已发表的数据（总共 182 个实验）并提取孔径特征和蛋白质负载值，我们描述了三种孔径范围，其中注意到了孔径特征与蛋白质负载之间的相关性。当孔径小于 10nm 时，由于酶在进入该孔径范围内提供的高表面时遇到物理限制，我们看到蛋白质负载普遍减少。当孔径大于 100nm 时，由于可用表面积的相应减少，蛋白质负载通常也会减少。在 10nm 到 100nm 的孔径范围内，预计随着孔径的增加，蛋白质负载水平会下降。事实上，在这个范围内，蛋白质负载基本保持不变，这表明某种程度的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用会阻塞孔并限制酶进入不断增加的可用表面积。在孔径特征与保留活性之间没有建立趋势。
