Elman K D, Welch R A, Frank R N, Goyert G L, Sokol R J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Jan;75(1):119-27.
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness between the ages of 24-64 years. The first half of this period corresponds to peak fertility and the childbearing years. The effects of pregnancy on diabetic retinopathy are unclear, but recent studies suggest that pregnancy may be less harmful to the retina of the diabetic subject than was thought previously. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that at least some women experience a worsening of their retinopathy as a result of pregnancy. Thus, careful ophthalmic evaluation and follow-up are essential for the pregnant woman with diabetes. This should include a minimum of one complete eye examination every trimester and within 3 months postpartum. Color fundus photography and laser treatment are safe, whereas fluorescein angiography, although commonly used to evaluate retinal vascular disease, can usually be avoided during pregnancy.
糖尿病视网膜病变是24至64岁人群失明的主要原因。这一时期的前半段对应着生育高峰期和育龄期。妊娠对糖尿病视网膜病变的影响尚不清楚，但最近的研究表明，妊娠对糖尿病患者视网膜的危害可能比之前认为的要小。然而，有理由相信至少有一些女性会因妊娠而导致视网膜病变恶化。因此，对患有糖尿病的孕妇进行仔细的眼科评估和随访至关重要。这应包括在每个孕期至少进行一次全面的眼部检查，并在产后3个月内进行检查。彩色眼底摄影和激光治疗是安全的，而荧光素血管造影虽然常用于评估视网膜血管疾病，但在孕期通常可以避免。
