Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
Glob Health Promot. 2016 Jun;23(2 Suppl):24-37. doi: 10.1177/1757975913501911. Epub 2013 Sep 16.
The World Health Organization (WHO) MPOWER is a technical package of six tobacco control measures that assist countries in meeting their obligations of the WHO Framework Convention Tobacco Control and are proven to reduce tobacco use. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) systematically monitors adult tobacco use and tracks key tobacco control indicators.
GATS is a nationally representative household survey of adults aged 15 and older, using a standard and consistent protocol across countries; it includes information on the six WHO MPOWER measures. GATS Phase I was conducted from 2008-2010 in 14 high-burden low- and middle-income countries. We selected one key indicator from each of the six MPOWER measures and compared results across 14 countries.
Current tobacco use prevalence rates ranged from 16.1% in Mexico to 43.3% in Bangladesh. We found that the highest rate of exposure to secondhand smoke in the workplace was in China (63.3%). We found the highest 'smoking quit attempt' rates in the past 12 months among cigarette smokers in Viet Nam (55.3%) and the lowest rate was in the Russian Federation (32.1%). In five of the 14 countries, more than one-half of current smokers in those 5 countries said they thought of quitting because of health warning labels on cigarette packages. The Philippines (74.3%) and the Russian Federation (68.0%) had the highest percentages of respondents noticing any cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Manufactured cigarette affordability ranged from 0.6% in Russia to 8.0% in India.
Monitoring tobacco use and tobacco control policy achievements is crucial to managing and implementing measures to reverse the epidemic. GATS provides internationally-comparable data that systematically monitors and tracks the progress of the other five MPOWER measures.
世界卫生组织（WHO）的“MPOWER”是一套六项烟草控制措施，旨在帮助各国履行《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》的义务，并已被证明能减少烟草使用。全球成人烟草调查（GATS）系统地监测成人烟草使用情况，并跟踪关键的烟草控制指标。
GATS 是一项针对 15 岁及以上成年人的全国代表性家庭调查，采用各国一致的标准和协议；它包含了关于六项“MPOWER”措施的信息。GATS 第一阶段于 2008 年至 2010 年在 14 个高负担低收入和中等收入国家进行。我们从六项“MPOWER”措施中各选取一个关键指标，并比较了 14 个国家的结果。
当前烟草使用率从墨西哥的 16.1%到孟加拉国的 43.3%不等。我们发现，中国的工作场所二手烟暴露率最高（63.3%）。我们发现，越南过去 12 个月中尝试戒烟的香烟吸烟者比例最高（55.3%），俄罗斯联邦的比例最低（32.1%）。在 14 个国家中的 5 个国家中，超过一半的当前吸烟者表示，由于香烟包装上的健康警示标签，他们考虑戒烟。菲律宾（74.3%）和俄罗斯联邦（68.0%）的受访者注意到任何香烟广告、促销和赞助的比例最高。成品香烟的可负担性从俄罗斯的 0.6%到印度的 8.0%不等。
监测烟草使用和烟草控制政策的成果对于管理和实施措施来扭转这一流行趋势至关重要。GATS 提供了国际可比的数据，系统地监测和跟踪其他五项“MPOWER”措施的进展情况。
