MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Sep 20;62(37):757-62.
Male-to-male sex and illicit injection drug use are important transmission routes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of all new HIV infections in 2010, 80% were among men, of which 78% were among men who have sex with men (MSM), 6% among male injection drug users (IDU), and 4% among men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM/IDU). MSM/IDU might have different prevention needs from men who are either MSM or IDU, but not both. A combination of effective, scalable, and evidence-based approaches that address male-to-male sex and injection drug use behaviors might reduce HIV infections among MSM/IDU. To refine calculations of disease rates attributed to MSM and IDU by accounting for MSM/IDU, CDC used data from 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the percentage and number of MSM/IDU in the general population. To further describe demographic similarities and differences of MSM/IDU identified by different surveillance systems, CDC also compared data from four HIV surveillance systems: the 2008 and 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS), the 2011 National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), and the 2007-2009 Medical Monitoring Project (MMP). Of males aged ≥ 18 years, MSM/IDU comprised an estimated 0.35% in NHANES, 7%-20% in NHBS, an estimated 4%-8% in NHSS, and 9% in MMP. Across surveillance systems, MSM/IDU accounted for 4%-12% of MSM and 11%-39% of male IDU. Risk reduction programs and interventions targeted toward male IDU populations might be more effective if they also incorporate messages about male-to-male sex.
男男性行为和非法注射毒品使用是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的重要传播途径。在 2010 年所有新的 HIV 感染中，80%发生在男性中，其中 78%发生在男男性行为者（MSM）中，6%发生在男性注射毒品使用者（IDU）中，4%发生在男男性行为者和注射毒品使用者（MSM/IDU）中。MSM/IDU 可能具有与 MSM 或 IDU 不同的预防需求，但并非两者都有。采用有效、可扩展和基于证据的方法相结合，针对男男性行为和注射毒品使用行为，可能会减少 MSM/IDU 中的 HIV 感染。为了通过考虑 MSM/IDU 来细化归因于 MSM 和 IDU 的疾病率的计算，CDC 使用了 1999-2008 年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，以估计一般人群中 MSM/IDU 的百分比和数量。为了进一步描述不同监测系统识别的 MSM/IDU 的人口统计学相似性和差异，CDC 还比较了四个 HIV 监测系统的数据：2008 年和 2009 年国家艾滋病毒行为监测系统（NHBS），2011 年国家艾滋病毒监测系统（NHSS）和 2007-2009 年医疗监测项目（MMP）。在年龄≥18 岁的男性中，NHANES 中估计有 0.35%的 MSM/IDU，NHBS 中有 7%-20%，NHSS 中有 4%-8%，MMP 中有 9%。在所有监测系统中，MSM/IDU 占 MSM 的 4%-12%，占男性 IDU 的 11%-39%。如果针对男性 IDU 人群的减少风险方案和干预措施还纳入了关于男男性行为的信息，那么它们可能会更加有效。
