Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, 331 Middlebush Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211-6100, USA,
Am J Community Psychol. 2013 Dec;52(3-4):302-12. doi: 10.1007/s10464-013-9595-1.
Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and its companion datasets, we examined how neighborhood disorder, perceived danger and both individually perceived and contextually measured neighborhood social cohesion are associated with self-rated health. Results indicate that neighborhood disorder is negatively associated with health and the relationship is explained by perceived cohesion and danger, which are both also significant predictors of health. Further, individually perceived cohesion emerges as a more important explanation of self-rated health than neighborhood-level social cohesion. Finally, neighborhood disorder and perceived cohesion interact to influence health, such that cohesion is especially beneficial when residents live in neighborhoods characterized by low to moderate disorder; once disorder is at high levels, cohesion no longer offers protection against poor health. We interpret our findings as they relate to prior research on neighborhoods, psychosocial processes, and health, and discuss their implications for intervention efforts that address disorder in urban communities.
利用洛杉矶家庭和社区调查及其配套数据集的数据，我们研究了邻里失序、感知危险以及个体感知和情境测量的邻里社会凝聚力与自评健康之间的关系。结果表明，邻里失序与健康呈负相关，这种关系可以用感知凝聚力和感知危险来解释，这两者也是健康的重要预测因素。此外，个体感知凝聚力比邻里层面的社会凝聚力更能解释自评健康。最后，邻里失序和个体感知凝聚力相互作用影响健康，因此当居民居住在失序程度较低或中等的社区时，凝聚力尤其有益；一旦失序程度很高，凝聚力就不再能保护居民免受健康不良的影响。我们根据先前关于社区、心理社会过程和健康的研究来解释我们的发现，并讨论了它们对干预措施的意义，这些措施旨在解决城市社区的失序问题。
