SWOV Institute for road safety research, Duindoorn 32, PO Box 1090, 2260 BB Leidschendam, The Netherlands.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Nov;60:134-40. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.015. Epub 2013 Aug 31.
To curtail the rising numbers of cyclists seriously injured in road crashes, more insights are needed into the factors that contribute to these crashes. For instance, darkness is known to be associated with higher injury rates, but little is known about the relative influence of factors such as poor conspicuity, impaired perception and alcohol use among cyclists. To examine these factors, the present study analyzed the epidemiological crash data for three meteorological light conditions: daylight, late evening darkness and early morning darkness; for two crash types: crashes with (M-crashes) and without motorized traffic (NM-crashes); and for different age groups. The relative injury rates (injury risk per distance travelled in darkness corrected for daylight injury risks for each age group) confirmed findings from earlier studies that cycling in late evening darkness is associated with higher injury rates than cycling in daylight conditions. This is the case for both crash types with only small differences between the age groups suggesting that poor conspicuity (M-crashes) and impaired perception (NM-crashes) may play a role. In comparison to late evening darkness, relative injury rates in early morning darkness are much higher. This is the case for both crash types with large differences among the age groups, suggesting that in addition to the absence of daylight also age related risk factors are at play. Support for this hypothesis was found from the analyses of hospital records, showing that the proportion of seriously injured cyclists who have been drinking is highest in early morning darkness and has strongly increased over the last decades. These insights provide input for the selection of countermeasures such as improved lighting (both street and bicycle lights) and interventions targeting alcohol use among cyclists.
为了遏制因道路碰撞而严重受伤的自行车骑行者人数的上升，需要更多地了解导致这些碰撞的因素。例如，众所周知，黑暗与更高的受伤率有关，但对于骑自行车者的低可见度、感知能力受损和饮酒等因素的相对影响知之甚少。为了研究这些因素，本研究分析了三种气象照明条件下的流行病学碰撞数据：白天、傍晚黑暗和清晨黑暗；两种碰撞类型：有（M 型碰撞）和无机动车辆（NM 型碰撞）；以及不同的年龄组。相对受伤率（黑暗中每行驶距离的受伤风险，经白天每个年龄组的受伤风险校正）证实了早期研究的结果，即傍晚黑暗中骑行与白天条件下相比，受伤率更高。这两种碰撞类型都存在这种情况，而且年龄组之间的差异很小，这表明低可见度（M 型碰撞）和感知能力受损（NM 型碰撞）可能发挥了作用。与傍晚黑暗相比，清晨黑暗中的相对受伤率要高得多。这两种碰撞类型都存在很大的年龄组差异，这表明除了没有日光之外，与年龄相关的风险因素也在起作用。从医院记录的分析中找到了对这一假设的支持，结果表明，在清晨黑暗中，因严重受伤而接受治疗的自行车骑行者中，饮酒者的比例最高，并且在过去几十年中大幅增加。这些见解为选择对策提供了依据，例如改进照明（街道和自行车照明）以及针对自行车骑行者饮酒的干预措施。
