Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
Viruses. 2013 Sep 24;5(9):2320-8. doi: 10.3390/v5092320.
Hantaviruses are widespread emergent zoonotic agents that cause unapparent or limited disease in their rodent hosts, yet cause acute, often fatal pulmonary or renal infections in humans. Previous laboratory experiments with rodent reservoir hosts indicate that hantaviruses can be cleared from host blood early in the infection cycle, while sequestered long term in various host organs. Field studies of North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), the natural reservoir of Sin Nombre hantavirus, have shown that viral RNA can be transiently detected well past the early acute infection stage, but only in the minority of infected mice. Here, using a non-degenerate RT-PCR assay optimized for SNV strains known to circulate in Montana, USA, we show that viral RNA can be repeatedly detected on a monthly basis in up to 75% of antibody positive deer mice for periods up to 3-6 months. More importantly, our data show that antibody positive male deer mice are more than twice as likely to have detectable SNV RNA in their blood as antibody positive females, suggesting that SNV-infected male deer mice are more likely to shed virus and for longer periods of time.
汉坦病毒是广泛存在的新兴人畜共患病原体，在其啮齿动物宿主中引起无症状或有限的疾病，但在人类中引起急性、常致命的肺部或肾脏感染。以前对啮齿动物储存宿主的实验室实验表明，汉坦病毒可以在感染周期的早期从宿主血液中清除，而长期在各种宿主器官中隔离。对北美的鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）（辛诺柏病毒的天然储存宿主）的实地研究表明，病毒 RNA 可以在早期急性感染阶段过后的很长时间内短暂地检测到，但只有少数感染的老鼠。在这里，我们使用针对已知在美国蒙大拿州流行的 SNV 株进行了优化的非简并 RT-PCR 检测，证明在长达 3-6 个月的时间里，多达 75%的抗体阳性鹿鼠每月都可以重复检测到病毒 RNA。更重要的是，我们的数据表明，抗体阳性的雄性鹿鼠血液中可检测到 SNV RNA 的可能性是抗体阳性雌性鹿鼠的两倍多，这表明感染 SNV 的雄性鹿鼠更有可能脱落病毒，且持续时间更长。
