Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA,
Behav Genet. 2013 Nov;43(6):480-90. doi: 10.1007/s10519-013-9615-9. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
Numerous dual-systems models of personality have been posited, which propose that behavior is influenced by two complementary systems. A bottom-up system is characterized by emotion-based drive (e.g., urge for rewarding experience), and a top-down system is characterized by the ability to control those urges. Although evidence suggests that these two systems are distinct and may be important in explaining some behaviors, these constructs are also moderately correlated. Notably, there has been little molecular or behavior genetic research on the genetic distinctness of the two systems central to the dual-systems model. The current study used a national twin sample to investigate the degree to which bottom-up and top-down systems, measured here as personality traits of sensation seeking and lack of planning, respectively, covary through genetic and environmental influences. Whereas the overlap between these systems was primarily comprised of unshared environmental influences (e.g., measurement error and unshared systematic variation) in females, a statistically significant proportion of the overlap was accounted for by genetic factors in men. Further, the genetic factors for these systems were moderately to highly correlated in men (rG = 0.62-0.79). These results provide clear support for a dual-systems model in women; however, these systems appear to share some common genetic influences in men.
已经提出了许多人格的双重系统模型，这些模型提出行为受到两个互补系统的影响。一个自下而上的系统以基于情感的驱动力为特征（例如，对奖励体验的渴望），而上层系统的特征是能够控制这些冲动。尽管有证据表明这两个系统是不同的，并且可能对解释某些行为很重要，但这些结构也有中度相关性。值得注意的是，对于双系统模型中两个核心系统的遗传独特性，很少有分子或行为遗传学研究。本研究使用全国双胞胎样本，调查了自下而上和自上而下系统（分别在此处测量为感觉寻求和缺乏计划的人格特质）通过遗传和环境影响相互关联的程度。虽然这些系统之间的重叠主要由女性的非共享环境影响（例如，测量误差和非共享系统变化）组成，但在男性中，重叠的一部分由遗传因素解释。此外，这些系统的遗传因素在男性中具有中度到高度相关性（rG=0.62-0.79）。这些结果为女性的双重系统模型提供了明确的支持；然而，这些系统在男性中似乎共享一些共同的遗传影响。
