Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, BS8 1TZ Bristol, United Kingdom.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Sep 26;10:111. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-111.
Understanding children's physical activity motivation, its antecedents and associations with behavior is important and can be advanced by using self-determination theory. However, research among youth is largely restricted to adolescents and studies of motivation within certain contexts (e.g., physical education). There are no measures of self-determination theory constructs (physical activity motivation or psychological need satisfaction) for use among children and no previous studies have tested a self-determination theory-based model of children's physical activity motivation. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of scores derived from scales adapted to measure self-determination theory constructs among children and test a motivational model predicting accelerometer-derived physical activity.
Cross-sectional data from 462 children aged 7 to 11 years from 20 primary schools in Bristol, UK were analysed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of adapted behavioral regulation and psychological need satisfaction scales. Structural equation modelling was used to test cross-sectional associations between psychological need satisfaction, motivation types and physical activity assessed by accelerometer.
The construct validity and reliability of the motivation and psychological need satisfaction measures were supported. Structural equation modelling provided evidence for a motivational model in which psychological need satisfaction was positively associated with intrinsic and identified motivation types and intrinsic motivation was positively associated with children's minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
The study provides evidence for the psychometric properties of measures of motivation aligned with self-determination theory among children. Children's motivation that is based on enjoyment and inherent satisfaction of physical activity is associated with their objectively-assessed physical activity and such motivation is positively associated with perceptions of psychological need satisfaction. These psychological factors represent potential malleable targets for interventions to increase children's physical activity.
了解儿童的身体活动动机、其前因及其与行为的关系非常重要，可以通过使用自我决定理论来推进。然而，青少年的研究在很大程度上仅限于青少年，并且研究的动机也局限于某些特定的环境（例如，体育教育）。目前没有用于儿童的自我决定理论结构（身体活动动机或心理需求满足）的测量方法，也没有先前的研究测试过基于自我决定理论的儿童身体活动动机模型。本研究旨在测试适用于儿童的自我决定理论结构测量量表的信度和效度，并测试预测加速度计衍生的身体活动的动机模型。
对来自英国布里斯托尔 20 所小学的 462 名 7 至 11 岁儿童的横断面数据进行了分析。使用验证性因子分析来检验适应性行为调节和心理需求满足量表的结构效度。结构方程模型用于测试心理需求满足、动机类型和由加速度计评估的身体活动之间的横断面关联。
支持了动机和心理需求满足测量的结构效度和信度。结构方程模型为一个动机模型提供了证据，该模型表明心理需求满足与内在动机和认同动机呈正相关，内在动机与儿童的中高强度身体活动时间呈正相关。
该研究为儿童自我决定理论一致的动机测量的心理测量特性提供了证据。基于对身体活动的享受和内在满足的儿童动机与他们的客观身体活动水平相关，这种动机与心理需求满足的感知呈正相关。这些心理因素代表了增加儿童身体活动的潜在可塑目标。
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