Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1238932. doi: 10.1126/science.1238932.
The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (An57), forsteritic olivine (Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 ± 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe(3+)- and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii.
好奇号火星科学实验室漫游者从盖尔陨石坑的罗尼斯特风成床形地貌中采集了土壤样本。使用化学与矿物学（CheMin）X 射线衍射（XRD）仪器对土壤进行的分析显示出斜长石（An57）、镁橄榄石（Fo62）、辉石和易变辉石，以及少量钾长石、磁铁矿、石英、无水石膏、赤铁矿和钛铁矿。这些次要相处于或接近检测限。土壤还含有 27±14 重量%的 X 射线非晶质材料，可能含有多种含 Fe(3+)和挥发物的相，包括可能类似于硅镁钙石的物质。结晶成分与火星古塞夫陨石坑某些玄武岩和火星玄武质陨石的标准矿物学相似。非晶质成分与地球上的某些地方（如夏威夷莫纳克亚火山的土壤）相似。
