Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902; email:
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2014;6:167-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-052913-021325. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
Nutrient and light conditions control phytoplankton division rates in the surface ocean and, it is commonly believed, dictate when and where high concentrations, or blooms, of plankton occur. Yet after a century of investigation, rates of phytoplankton biomass accumulation show no correlation with cell division rates. Consequently, factors controlling plankton blooms remain highly controversial. In this review, we endorse the view that blooms are not governed by abiotic factors controlling cell division, but rather reflect subtle ecosystem imbalances instigated by climate forcings or food-web shifts. The annual global procession of ocean plankton blooms thus represents a report on the recent history of predator-prey interactions modulated by physical processes that, almost coincidentally, also control surface nutrient inputs.
营养和光照条件控制着海洋表面浮游植物的分裂速度，人们普遍认为，这决定了浮游植物何时何地会出现高浓度或大量繁殖。然而，经过一个世纪的研究，浮游植物生物量积累的速度与细胞分裂速度并无相关性。因此，控制浮游植物大量繁殖的因素仍然存在很大争议。在这篇综述中，我们认为，浮游植物大量繁殖并不是由控制细胞分裂的非生物因素决定的，而是反映了由气候强迫或食物网变化引发的微妙生态系统失衡。因此，每年全球范围内的海洋浮游植物大量繁殖过程代表了对最近捕食者-猎物相互作用历史的报告，而这些相互作用是由物理过程调节的，而这些物理过程几乎巧合地也控制着表层营养物质的输入。
