Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; email:
Annu Rev Pathol. 2014;9:287-314. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104715. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that typically inhibit the translation and stability of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), controlling genes involved in cellular processes such as inflammation, cell-cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Thus, miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of virtually all signaling circuits within a cell, and their dysregulation has been shown to play an essential role in the development and progression of cancer. Here, after a brief description of miRNA genomics, biogenesis, and function, we discuss the effects of miRNA dysregulation in the cellular pathways that lead to the progressive conversion of normal cells into cancer cells and the potential to develop new molecular miRNA-targeted therapies.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码 RNA，通常可以抑制信使 RNA（mRNA）的翻译和稳定性，从而调控细胞过程中的基因，如炎症、细胞周期调控、应激反应、分化、凋亡和迁移。因此，miRNA 参与调控细胞内几乎所有的信号通路，其失调在癌症的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。在此，我们在简要描述 miRNA 的基因组学、生物发生和功能之后，讨论了 miRNA 失调对导致正常细胞向癌细胞逐渐转化的细胞通路的影响，以及开发新的分子 miRNA 靶向治疗的潜力。
