RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2013 Sep 17;6:327-38. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S51325.
Hypertension and obesity are known to contribute, directly or indirectly, to the development of long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Knowing the prevalence of these comorbidities is important for determining the size of the population that may benefit from strategies that reduce blood pressure and weight while controlling blood glucose.
In this systematic literature review, electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were conducted to identify observational studies of hypertension and/or obesity prevalence in patients with T2DM throughout the world. The searches were limited to studies reported in English from January 1, 2001 to February 16, 2012.
From a total of 2,688 studies, 92 observational studies provided prevalence rates for hypertension and/or obesity specifically in adults with T2DM. Fifteen studies of specific subtypes of hypertension or subpopulations with T2DM were subsequently excluded, leaving 78 studies (in 77 articles) for inclusion in this article. Of these, 61studies reported hypertension prevalence, 44 reported obesity prevalence, and 12 reported the prevalence of hypertension with obesity. Most studies had a low risk of bias regarding diagnosis of T2DM (70/78), hypertension (59/69), or obesity (45/47). The continental regions with the most observational studies of hypertension or obesity prevalence were Europe (n = 30) and Asia (n = 26). Hypertension rates typically were high in all regions; most studies presented rates above 50%, and many presented rates above 75%. Obesity rates exceeded 30% in 38 of 44 studies and 50% in 14 of 44 studies, especially those assessing central obesity (based on waist circumference). Among obese adults, hypertension rates were at or above 70% in Asia and above 80% in Europe; rates were lower in North and South America but still above 30%.
Around the world, hypertension and obesity, separately or together, are common comorbidities in adults with T2DM.
高血压和肥胖症直接或间接地导致 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的长期并发症的发展。了解这些合并症的患病率对于确定可能受益于降低血压和体重同时控制血糖的策略的人群规模非常重要。
在这项系统文献综述中，对 PubMed、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆进行了电子检索，以确定世界各地 T2DM 患者中高血压和/或肥胖症患病率的观察性研究。搜索仅限于 2001 年 1 月 1 日至 2012 年 2 月 16 日期间以英文报告的研究。
从总共 2688 项研究中，92 项观察性研究提供了 T2DM 成人中高血压和/或肥胖症的患病率。随后排除了 15 项特定类型的高血压或 T2DM 亚群的研究，剩下 78 项研究（77 篇文章）纳入本文。其中，61 项研究报告了高血压患病率，44 项报告了肥胖症患病率，12 项报告了高血压合并肥胖症的患病率。大多数研究在诊断 T2DM（70/78）、高血压（59/69）或肥胖症（45/47）方面的偏倚风险较低。观察性研究高血压或肥胖症患病率最多的大陆地区是欧洲（n = 30）和亚洲（n = 26）。所有地区的高血压发生率通常都很高；大多数研究报告的发生率超过 50％，许多研究报告的发生率超过 75％。在 44 项研究中的 38 项和 44 项研究中的 14 项中，肥胖症发生率超过 30％，在评估中心性肥胖（基于腰围）的研究中，肥胖症发生率超过 50％。在肥胖的成年人中，亚洲的高血压发生率为 70％或以上，欧洲的高血压发生率为 80％或以上；在北美和南美，发生率较低，但仍高于 30％。
在世界各地，高血压和肥胖症单独或一起，是 T2DM 成年患者常见的合并症。
