Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Nutrients. 2013 Sep 30;5(10):3920-47. doi: 10.3390/nu5103920.
Folate is a B-vitamin with particular importance during reproduction due to its role in the synthesis and maintenance of DNA. Folate is well known for its role in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) during the periconceptional period. There is also an increased need for folate throughout pregnancy to support optimal growth and development of the fetus and blood volume expansion and tissue growth of the mother. During lactation, women are at risk of folate deficiency due to increased demands to accommodate milk folate levels. Nutrient Intake Values (NIVs) for folate have been calculated to take into account additional needs during pregnancy and lactation. However, these values vary widely between countries. For example, the folate requirement that is set to meet the needs of almost all healthy women during pregnancy varies from 300 µg/day in the United Kingdom to 750 µg/day in Mexico. Currently, there is no accepted standardized terminology or framework for establishing NIVs. This article reviews country-specific NIVs for folate during pregnancy and lactation and the basis for setting these reference values.
叶酸是一种 B 族维生素，在生殖过程中尤为重要，因为它在 DNA 的合成和维持中发挥作用。叶酸在预防围孕期神经管缺陷（NTDs）方面的作用广为人知。在整个怀孕期间，叶酸的需求量也会增加，以支持胎儿的最佳生长和发育以及母亲的血容量扩张和组织生长。在哺乳期，由于需要增加来适应母乳中的叶酸水平，女性有患叶酸缺乏症的风险。叶酸的营养素摄入量值（NIVs）已经被计算出来，以考虑到怀孕和哺乳期间的额外需求。然而，这些值在不同国家之间差异很大。例如，在英国，叶酸的需求量设定为满足怀孕期内几乎所有健康女性的需求，为每天 300μg，而在墨西哥，这一需求量则为每天 750μg。目前，尚无公认的标准化术语或框架来确定 NIVs。本文综述了妊娠和哺乳期特定国家的叶酸 NIVs 以及设定这些参考值的依据。
