The Wohl Virion Centre and MRC Centre for Medical & Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform Building, 90 Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, UK.
Viruses. 2013 Sep 30;5(10):2410-23. doi: 10.3390/v5102410.
Exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the double membrane of the nuclear envelope. NPC permeability barrier restricts the entry of inert molecules larger than 5 nm in diameter but allows facilitated entry of selected cargos, whose size can reach up to 39 nm. The translocation of large molecules is facilitated by nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) that have affinity to proteins of NPC permeability barrier. Viruses that enter the nucleus replicate evolved strategies to overcome this barrier. In this review, we will discuss the functional principles of NPC barrier and nuclear transport machinery, as well as the various strategies viruses use to cross the selective barrier of NPCs.
核质之间的交流是通过嵌入核膜双层中的核孔复合物（NPCs）进行的。NPC 渗透屏障限制了直径大于 5nm 的惰性分子的进入，但允许选择的货物通过，其大小可达 39nm。大分子的易位是由核转运受体（NTRs）介导的，这些受体对 NPC 渗透屏障的蛋白质具有亲和力。进入细胞核的病毒进化出了克服这种屏障的策略。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 NPC 屏障和核转运机制的功能原理，以及病毒穿过 NPC 选择性屏障的各种策略。
