Dept of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jan;9(1):32-40. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0239. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
Cross-country-ski races place complex demands on athletes, with events lasting between approximately 3 min and 2 h. The aim of the current study was to compare the aerobic and anaerobic measures derived from a short time trial (TT) between male and female skiers using diagonal cross-country skiing.
Twenty-four highly trained cross-country skiers (12 male and 12 female, age 17.4 ± 1.4 y, body mass 68.2 ± 8.9 kg, height 174 ± 8 cm) participated. The submaximal VO2-speed relationship and VO2max were derived from an incremental ramp test to exhaustion (RAMP), while the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), peak VO2, and performance time were measured during a 600-m TT.
The female skiers took longer to complete the TT than the males (209 ± 9 s vs 166 ± 7 s, P < .001) and exhibited a lower relative anaerobic contribution (20% ± 4% vs 24% ± 3%, P = .015) and a higher fractional utilization of VO2max (84% ± 4% vs 79% ± 5%, P = .007) than males. Although there was no significant difference in AOD between the sexes (40.9 ± 9.5 and 47.3 ± 7.4 mL/kg for females and males, respectively; P = .079), the mean difference ± 90% confidence intervals of 6.4 ± 6.0 mL/kg reflected a likely practical difference (ES = 0.72). The peak VO2 during the TT was significantly higher than VO2max during the RAMP for all participants combined (62.3 ± 6.8 vs 60.5 ± 7.2 mL · kg-1 · min-1, P = .011), and the mean difference ± 90% confidence intervals of 1.8 ± 1.1 mL · kg-1 · min-1 reflected a possible practical difference (ES = 0.25).
These results show that performance and physiological responses to a self-paced TT lasting approximately 3 min differ between sexes. In addition, a TT may provide a valid measure of VO2max.
越野滑雪比赛对运动员提出了复杂的要求，比赛时间从大约 3 分钟到 2 小时不等。本研究的目的是比较使用对角线式越野滑雪的男女滑雪运动员在短时间试验（TT）中得出的有氧和无氧测量值。
24 名经过高度训练的越野滑雪运动员（12 名男性和 12 名女性，年龄 17.4 ± 1.4 岁，体重 68.2 ± 8.9 公斤，身高 174 ± 8 厘米）参加了研究。亚最大摄氧量-速度关系和最大摄氧量是从递增斜坡测试到力竭（RAMP）中得出的，而在 600 米 TT 期间测量了累积氧亏（AOD）、峰值 VO2 和运动时间。
女性运动员完成 TT 的时间比男性运动员长（209 ± 9 秒比 166 ± 7 秒，P <.001），并且相对无氧贡献较低（20% ± 4%比 24% ± 3%，P =.015），VO2max 的利用率较高（84% ± 4%比 79% ± 5%，P =.007）。尽管男女之间的 AOD 没有显著差异（女性和男性分别为 40.9 ± 9.5 和 47.3 ± 7.4 mL/kg；P =.079），但 6.4 ± 6.0 mL/kg 的平均值差异 ± 90%置信区间反映了可能的实际差异（ES = 0.72）。对于所有参与者，TT 期间的峰值 VO2 明显高于 RAMP 期间的最大摄氧量（62.3 ± 6.8 比 60.5 ± 7.2 mL·kg-1·min-1，P =.011），1.8 ± 1.1 mL·kg-1·min-1 的平均值差异 ± 90%置信区间反映了可能的实际差异（ES = 0.25）。
这些结果表明，大约 3 分钟的自我计时 TT 的表现和生理反应在性别之间存在差异。此外，TT 可能是一种有效的最大摄氧量测量值。
