School of Education and Social Work, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QQ, UK,
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2013 Dec;37(4):694-710. doi: 10.1007/s11013-013-9336-9.
In the Quechua-speaking peasant communities of southern Peru, mental disorder is understood less as individualized pathology and more as a disturbance in family and social relationships. For many Andeans, food and feeding are ontologically fundamental to such relationships. This paper uses data from interviews and participant observation in a rural province of Cuzco to explore the significance of food and hunger in local discussions of madness. Carers' narratives, explanatory models, and theories of healing all draw heavily from idioms of food sharing and consumption in making sense of affliction, and these concepts structure understandings of madness that differ significantly from those assumed by formal mental health services. Greater awareness of the salience of these themes could strengthen the input of psychiatric and psychological care with this population and enhance knowledge of the alternative treatments that they use. Moreover, this case provides lessons for the global mental health movement on the importance of openness to the ways in which indigenous cultures may construct health, madness, and sociality. Such local meanings should be considered by mental health workers delivering services in order to provide care that can adjust to the alternative ontologies of sufferers and carers.
在秘鲁南部说盖丘亚语的农民社区中,精神障碍被理解为较少的个体病理学,更多的是家庭和社会关系的紊乱。对许多安第斯人来说,食物和喂养在这些关系中从本体论上说是至关重要的。本文利用在库斯科省农村地区进行的访谈和参与式观察的数据,探讨了食物和饥饿在当地对疯狂讨论的意义。照顾者的叙述、解释模型和治疗理论都大量借鉴了食物分享和消费的习语,以理解苦难,这些概念构建了与正规心理健康服务机构所假设的截然不同的疯狂理解。更多地认识到这些主题的重要性,可以加强精神病学和心理学护理对这一人群的投入,并增进对他们所使用的替代治疗方法的了解。此外,这种情况为全球精神卫生运动提供了重要的经验教训,即需要开放地接受土著文化可能构建健康、疯狂和社会性的方式。精神卫生工作者在提供服务时应考虑这些当地的意义,以便提供能够适应患者和照顾者的替代本体论的护理。