Division of Disease Surveillance and Response.
J Infect Dis. 2013 Nov 1;208 Suppl 1:S55-61. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit201.
Kenya has experienced multiple cholera outbreaks since 1971. Cholera remains an issue of major public health importance and one of the 35 priority diseases under Kenya's updated Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy.
We reviewed the cholera surveillance data reported to the World Health Organization and the Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation from 1997 through 2010 to determine trends in cholera disease for the 14-year period.
A total of 68 522 clinically suspected cases of cholera and 2641 deaths were reported (overall case-fatality rate [CFR], 3.9%), affecting all regions of the country. Kenya's largest outbreak occurred during 1997-1999, resulting in 26 901 cases and 1362 deaths (CFR, 5.1%). Following a decline in disease occurrence, the country experienced a resurgence of epidemic cholera during 2007-2009 (16 616 cases and 454 deaths; CFR, 2.7%), which declined rapidly to 0 cases. Cases were reported through July 2010, with no cases reported during the second half of the year. About 42% of cases occurred in children aged <15 years. Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, was the predominant strain recorded from 2007 through 2010, although serotype Ogawa was also isolated. Recurrent outbreaks have most frequently affected Nairobi, Nyanza, and Coast provinces, as well as remote arid and semiarid regions and refugee camps.
Kenya has experienced substantial amounts of reported cases of cholera during the past 14 years. Recent decreases in cholera case counts may reflect cholera control measures put in place by the National Ministry of Health; confirmation of this theory will require ongoing surveillance.
自 1971 年以来，肯尼亚多次爆发霍乱。霍乱仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，也是肯尼亚更新的综合疾病监测和应对战略下的 35 种优先疾病之一。
我们回顾了 1997 年至 2010 年期间向世界卫生组织和肯尼亚公共卫生和卫生服务部报告的霍乱监测数据，以确定 14 年来霍乱疾病的趋势。
报告了 68522 例临床疑似霍乱病例和 2641 例死亡病例（总病死率[CFR]为 3.9%），影响了该国所有地区。肯尼亚最大的疫情发生在 1997 年至 1999 年，导致 26901 例病例和 1362 例死亡（CFR，5.1%）。在发病下降后，该国在 2007 年至 2009 年期间再次爆发流行霍乱（16616 例病例和 454 例死亡；CFR，2.7%），随后迅速降至 0 例。病例报告截至 2010 年 7 月，下半年无病例报告。约 42%的病例发生在<15 岁的儿童中。从 2007 年到 2010 年，记录的主要菌株是霍乱弧菌 O1，血清型为 Inaba，尽管也分离到了血清型 Ogawa。反复爆发最常影响内罗毕、奈瓦沙和沿海省份，以及偏远干旱和半干旱地区和难民营。
在过去的 14 年里，肯尼亚报告了大量霍乱病例。霍乱病例数最近的下降可能反映了国家卫生部采取的霍乱控制措施；这一理论的证实需要持续监测。
