Mugoya Isaac, Kariuki Samuel, Galgalo Tura, Njuguna Charles, Omollo Jared, Njoroge Jackson, Kalani Rosalia, Nzioka Charles, Tetteh Christopher, Bedno Sheryl, Breiman Robert F, Feikin Daniel R
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program-Kenya, CDC, Nairobi, Kenya.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Mar;78(3):527-33.
Between January and June 2005, 5 distinct cholera outbreaks occurred in Kenya. Overall, 990 cases and 25 deaths (2.5%) were reported. Four outbreaks occurred in towns along major highways, and 1 occurred in a refugee camp near the Sudanese border, accessible to Nairobi by daily flights. Matched case-control studies from 2 outbreaks showed that failure to treat drinking water and storing drinking water in wide-mouthed containers were significantly associated with disease. Isolates from all 5 outbreaks were Vibrio cholerae O1, Inaba serotype, and had genetically similar PFGE patterns of SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. Linkage of the outbreak locations by major transportation routes, their temporal proximity, and similar PFGE patterns of isolates suggests the outbreaks might have been linked epidemiologically, showing the speed and distance of cholera spread in countries like Kenya with pockets of susceptible populations connected by modern transportation. Prevention measures remain implementation of point-of-use safe water systems and case finding and referral.
2005年1月至6月期间，肯尼亚发生了5起不同的霍乱疫情。总体而言，报告了990例病例和25例死亡（2.5%）。4起疫情发生在主要公路沿线的城镇，1起发生在靠近苏丹边境的难民营，从这里每天都有航班飞往内罗毕。对2起疫情进行的配对病例对照研究表明，未对饮用水进行处理以及用广口容器储存饮用水与疾病显著相关。所有5起疫情的分离株均为霍乱弧菌O1群、稻叶血清型，并且在经SfiI酶切的染色体DNA的PFGE图谱上具有相似的基因模式。疫情发生地点通过主要交通路线相连、在时间上相近以及分离株的PFGE模式相似，这表明这些疫情可能在流行病学上存在关联，显示出霍乱在肯尼亚这样的国家传播的速度和范围，该国存在一些通过现代交通连接的易感人群聚集区。预防措施仍然是实施使用点安全供水系统以及病例发现和转诊。
