Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2014 Jan;29(1):51-63. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.008. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
High-throughput sequencing technologies are revolutionizing the life sciences. The past 12 months have seen a burst of genome sequences from non-model organisms, in each case representing a fundamental source of data of significant importance to biological research. This has bearing on several aspects of evolutionary biology, and we are now beginning to see patterns emerging from these studies. These include significant heterogeneity in the rate of recombination that affects adaptive evolution and base composition, the role of population size in adaptive evolution, and the importance of expansion of gene families in lineage-specific adaptation. Moreover, resequencing of population samples (population genomics) has enabled the identification of the genetic basis of critical phenotypes and cast light on the landscape of genomic divergence during speciation.
高通量测序技术正在彻底改变生命科学。在过去的 12 个月中，非模式生物的基因组序列如雨后春笋般涌现，每一个序列都代表了对生物研究具有重要意义的基础数据源。这与进化生物学的几个方面都有关联，我们现在开始从这些研究中看到一些模式的出现。其中包括影响适应性进化和碱基组成的重组率、种群大小在适应性进化中的作用，以及基因家族扩张在谱系特异性适应中的重要性等方面的显著异质性。此外，对种群样本的重测序（群体基因组学）使我们能够确定关键表型的遗传基础，并揭示了物种形成过程中基因组分化的情况。
