Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany and.
Chronobiol Int. 2014 Feb;31(1):1-16. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2013.829846. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
Eveningness has been found to negatively affect adolescents' sleep and daytime functioning. Furthermore, eveningness is associated with greater impulsivity than morningness. Externalizing behavior could be chronotype-related, implying that the alteration of the circadian rhythm itself is connected to aspects of emotion and emotion regulation. The present study investigated chronotype-related differences in emotional and behavioral problems, especially aggression and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. We conducted a comprehensive search via web of knowledge (MEDLINE, web of science), EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar and PsycINDEX using the keywords: chronotype, chronobiology, morningness, eveningness, owls and larks as well as diurnal preference to fully capture every aspect of chronotype. For aggression we used the search terms: aggression, anger, hostility, violence, anti-social behavior, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, delinquency, social adjustment and externalizing behavior. N = 13 studies were included concerning chronotype, childhood, adolescence and antisocial behavior. Results showed that children and adolescents being E-types were more affected by daytime impairments. Additionally, behavioral and emotional problems as aggression or antisocial behavior were more pronounced in E- than in M-types. Our findings support an association of eveningness and the impact of aggression on children and adolescents. Longitudinal investigations should be conducted in order to insure causality of the effects in question. In addition, the elevated vulnerability toward aggression in evening types demonstrates the need for prevention and intervention programs that educate youths in proper sleep hygiene and evoke an awareness of the consequences of a habitually diminished sleep quality.
研究发现，晚睡型会对青少年的睡眠和日间功能产生负面影响。此外，与早起型相比，晚睡型与更高的冲动性有关。外向行为可能与昼夜类型有关，这意味着生物钟节律的改变本身与情绪和情绪调节的某些方面有关。本研究调查了与昼夜类型相关的情绪和行为问题的差异，特别是儿童和青少年的攻击性和反社会行为。我们通过网络知识（MEDLINE、web of science）、EBSCO、Ovid、PubMed、Google Scholar 和 PsycINDEX 进行了全面搜索，使用的关键词有：昼夜类型、生物钟、早起型、晚睡型、猫头鹰和百灵鸟以及昼间偏好，以充分捕捉昼夜类型的各个方面。对于攻击性，我们使用的搜索词有：攻击性、愤怒、敌意、暴力、反社会行为、品行障碍、对立违抗性障碍、犯罪、社会适应和外向行为。共纳入了 13 项关于昼夜类型、儿童、青少年和反社会行为的研究。结果表明，E 型儿童和青少年白天的障碍更为严重。此外，行为和情绪问题，如攻击性或反社会行为，在 E 型中比在 M 型中更为明显。我们的研究结果支持了晚睡型与攻击性对儿童和青少年的影响之间的关联。应该进行纵向研究，以确保所讨论的影响具有因果关系。此外，在夜间类型中，对攻击性的敏感性增加表明需要预防和干预计划，这些计划可以教育青少年适当的睡眠卫生，并引起他们对习惯性睡眠质量下降的后果的认识。
