Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Sport Faculty Portugal.
J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Mar 1;9(1):62-70. eCollection 2010.
The purpose of the present study was to examine coaches' perceptions of competence and acknowledgement of training needs related to professional competences according to the professional experience and academic education. The participants were 343 coaches from several sports, who answered to a questionnaire that includes a scale focused on perceptions of competence and another scale on acknowledgment of training needs. An exploratory factor analysis with Maximum Likelihood Factoring was used with Oblimin rotation for the identification of emergent factors. Comparison on coaches' perceptions in function of coaching experience and coaches' academic background were made applying One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons. Factor analysis on coaches' perceptions of competence and acknowledgement of training needs made apparent three main areas of competences, i.e. competences related to annual and multi-annual planning; competences related to orientation towards practice and competition; and personal and coaching education competences. Coaches' perceptions were influenced by their experience, as low experienced coaches rated themselves at lower levels of competence and with more training needs; also coaches with high education, in Physical Education or others, perceived themselves as more competent than coaches with no higher education. Finally, the majority of the coaches perceived themselves to be competent but, nevertheless, they indicated to have training needs, which brings an important feedback to coach education. This suggests that coaches are interested in increasing their knowledge and competence in a broad range of areas which should be considered in future coach education programs. Key pointsCoaches' perceptions of competence and acknowledgement of training needs resulted in three main areas: competences related to annual and multi-annual planning, competences related to practice and competition orientation and, finally, personal and coaching education competences.The professional tasks that coaches had the most need in performing were related to the training orientation.Coaches with higher education degrees (P.E. or others) perceive themselves as more competent than coaches with no higher education.Low experienced coaches perceived themselves less competent than high experienced coaches. Also, they pointed out more training needs in issues related to practice and competition orientation, and annual and multi-annual planning.
本研究旨在考察教练对专业能力相关的胜任力感知和培训需求认可，根据其专业经验和学术教育背景的不同。参与者是来自多个运动项目的 343 名教练，他们回答了一份问卷，其中包括一个专注于胜任力感知的量表和另一个培训需求认可量表。采用最大似然因子分析和 Oblimin 旋转进行探索性因素分析，以确定新兴因素。根据教练经验和教练学术背景的不同，应用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后多重比较来比较教练的感知。对教练胜任力感知和培训需求认可的因素分析，明确了三个主要的能力领域，即与年度和多年规划相关的能力；与实践和比赛导向相关的能力；以及个人和教练教育能力。教练的感知受到他们经验的影响，经验较少的教练认为自己的能力水平较低，培训需求较多；而具有体育教育或其他高等教育背景的教练则认为自己比没有高等教育背景的教练更有能力。最后，大多数教练认为自己有能力，但仍表示有培训需求，这为教练教育提供了重要的反馈。这表明教练们有兴趣在广泛的领域增加他们的知识和能力，这应该在未来的教练教育计划中得到考虑。关键点：
教练对胜任力和培训需求的感知结果分为三个主要领域：与年度和多年规划相关的能力、与实践和比赛导向相关的能力以及个人和教练教育能力。
教练在执行过程中最需要的专业任务与培训导向有关。
具有高等教育学位（体育教育或其他）的教练认为自己比没有高等教育学位的教练更有能力。
经验较少的教练认为自己的能力不如经验丰富的教练，而且他们在实践和比赛导向以及年度和多年规划方面指出了更多的培训需求。
