1College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; 2Melbourne Football Club, Melbourne, Australia; 3Institute of Sport, Exercise, and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; and 4Cognitive and Exercise Neuroscience Unit, Center for Mental Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jun;28(6):1613-25. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000290.
This study investigated the effectiveness of action observation (AO) on facilitating learning of the power clean technique (kinematics) compared with traditional strength coaching methods and whether improvements in performance (kinetics) were associated with an improvement in lifting technique. Fifteen subjects (age, 20.9 ± 2.3 years) with no experience in performing the power clean exercise attended 12 training and testing sessions over a 4-week period. Subjects were assigned to 2 matched groups, based on preintervention power clean performance and performed 3 sets of 5 repetitions of the power clean exercise at each training session. Subjects in the traditional coaching group (TC; n = 7) received the standard coaching feedback (verbal cues and physical practice), whereas subjects in the AO group (n = 8) received similar verbal coaching cues and physical practice but also observed a video of a skilled model before performing each set. Kinematic data were collected from video recordings of subjects who were fitted with joint center markings during testing, whereas kinetic data were collected from a weightlifting analyzer attached to the barbell. Subjects were tested before intervention, at the end of weeks 2 and 3, and at after intervention at the end of week 4. Faster improvements (3%) were observed in power clean technique with AO-facilitated learning in the first week and performance improvements (mean peak power of the subject's 15 repetitions) over time were significant (p < 0.001). In addition, performance improvement was significantly associated (R = 0.215) with technique improvements. In conclusion, AO combined with verbal coaching and physical practice of the power clean exercise resulted in significantly faster technique improvements and improvement in performance compared with traditional coaching methods.
本研究旨在探讨动作观察（AO）在促进学习力量清洁技术（运动学）方面的有效性，与传统的力量训练方法相比，以及运动表现（动力学）的提高是否与举重技术的提高有关。15 名受试者（年龄 20.9 ± 2.3 岁）没有进行力量清洁运动的经验，参加了为期 4 周的 12 次训练和测试。根据干预前的力量清洁表现，将受试者分为 2 个匹配组，每组进行 3 组 5 次重复的力量清洁练习。传统教练组（TC；n = 7）接受标准的教练反馈（口头提示和身体练习），而动作观察组（AO；n = 8）接受类似的口头教练提示和身体练习，但在进行每组练习之前，还观察了熟练模型的视频。运动学数据是从受试者测试时佩戴关节中心点标记的视频记录中收集的，动力学数据是从附在杠铃上的举重分析仪中收集的。在干预前、第 2 周和第 3 周末以及第 4 周干预结束后进行测试。在第一周，使用 AO 辅助学习的力量清洁技术观察到更快的改进（3%），并且随着时间的推移，性能提高（受试者 15 次重复的平均峰值功率）非常显著（p < 0.001）。此外，性能提高与技术提高显著相关（R = 0.215）。总之，与传统教练方法相比，AO 与力量清洁运动的口头教练和身体练习相结合，可显著更快地提高技术和运动表现。
