Quinn Jamie M, Wagner Richard K
Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
J Learn Disabil. 2015 Jul-Aug;48(4):433-45. doi: 10.1177/0022219413508323. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Reading impairment is more common in males, but the magnitude and origin of this gender difference are debated. In a large-scale study of reading impairment among 491,103 beginning second-graders, gender differences increased with greater severity of reading impairment, peaking at a ratio of 2.4:1 for a broad measure of fluency and a ratio of 1.6:1 for a narrow measure of decoding. Results from three tests indicate that gender differences in reading impairment are attributable primarily to male vulnerability rather than ascertainment bias. Correspondence between identification as an impaired reader by our study criteria and school identification as learning disabled was poor overall and worse for girls: Only 1 out of 4 boys and 1 out of 7 girls identified as reading impaired in our study was school identified as learning disabled.
阅读障碍在男性中更为常见，但这种性别差异的程度和根源存在争议。在一项对491103名二年级新生进行的大规模阅读障碍研究中，随着阅读障碍严重程度的增加，性别差异也随之增大，在一项广泛的流畅性指标中，性别差异达到2.4:1的峰值，在一项狭义的解码指标中，性别差异达到1.6:1的峰值。三项测试的结果表明，阅读障碍中的性别差异主要归因于男性的易感性，而非确定偏差。根据我们的研究标准被认定为阅读障碍者与学校认定为学习障碍者之间的对应关系总体较差，对女孩来说更差：在我们的研究中被认定为阅读障碍者的男孩中，只有四分之一被学校认定为学习障碍者；而女孩中，只有七分之一被学校认定为学习障碍者。
