UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Nutr Res. 2013 Nov;33(11):877-87. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.021. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
The maternal diet provides critical nutrients that can influence fetal and infant brain development and function. This review highlights the potential benefits of maternal dietary ganglioside supplementation on fetal and infant brain development. English-language systematic reviews, preclinical studies, and clinical studies were obtained through searches on PubMed. Reports were selected if they included benefits and harms of maternal ganglioside supplementation during pregnancy or ganglioside-supplemented formula after pregnancy. The potential benefits of ganglioside supplementation were explored by investigating the following: (1) their role in neural development, (2) their therapeutic use in neural injury and disease, (3) their presence in human breast milk, and (4) their use as a dietary supplement during or after pregnancy. Preclinical studies indicate that ganglioside supplementation at high doses (1% of total dietary intake) can significantly increase cognitive development and body weight when given prenatally. However, lower ganglioside supplementation doses have no beneficial cognitive effects, even when given throughout pregnancy and lactation. In human clinical trials, infants given formula supplemented with gangliosides showed increased cognitive development and an increase in ganglioside content. Ganglioside supplementation may promote brain development and function in offspring when administered at the optimum dosage. We propose that prenatal maternal dietary supplementation with gangliosides throughout pregnancy may promote greater long-term effects on brain development and function. Before this concept can be encouraged in preconception clinics, future research and clinical trials are needed to confirm the ability of dietary gangliosides to improve cognitive development, but available results already encourage this area of research.
母体饮食提供了关键的营养物质，这些营养物质可以影响胎儿和婴儿的大脑发育和功能。本综述强调了母体饮食神经节苷脂补充对胎儿和婴儿大脑发育的潜在益处。通过在 PubMed 上搜索，获得了英文系统评价、临床前研究和临床研究。如果报告包括在怀孕期间补充神经节苷脂的益处和危害，或者在怀孕后补充神经节苷脂的配方，那么就可以选择报告。通过研究以下方面，探讨了神经节苷脂补充的潜在益处：（1）它们在神经发育中的作用；（2）它们在神经损伤和疾病中的治疗用途；（3）它们在人乳中的存在；（4）它们在怀孕期间或之后作为膳食补充剂的使用。临床前研究表明，在怀孕期间给予高剂量（总饮食摄入量的 1%）的神经节苷脂补充剂可以显著提高认知发育和体重。然而，低剂量的神经节苷脂补充剂对认知没有有益的影响，即使在整个怀孕期间和哺乳期给予。在人类临床试验中，给予补充神经节苷脂配方的婴儿表现出认知发育增加和神经节苷脂含量增加。在给予最佳剂量时，神经节苷脂补充可能会促进后代的大脑发育和功能。我们提出，在整个怀孕期间对母体进行产前饮食补充神经节苷脂可能会对大脑发育和功能产生更大的长期影响。在这一概念能够在孕前诊所得到鼓励之前，需要进行未来的研究和临床试验来确认饮食神经节苷脂改善认知发育的能力，但现有的结果已经鼓励了这一研究领域。
