Liggins Institute and The National Research Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Nutr Res. 2010 Apr;30(4):279-89. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.04.005.
Complex milk lipids (CMLs) provide a critical nutritional source for generating both energy and essential nutrients for the growth of the newborn. The present study investigated nutritional supplementation with a CML containing gangliosides and phospholipids in pregnant and lactating rats on learning behavior and postnatal growth in male offspring. Wistar female rats were supplemented during pregnancy and lactation with either control or CML to provide gangliosides at a dose of 0.01% (low) and 0.05% (high) based on total food intake. The CML-supplemented dams showed no differences in comparison to controls regarding growth, food intake, and litter characteristics. There were significant differences in brain composition in male offspring at postnatal day 2 (P2) with higher concentrations of gangliosides (high dose, P < .05) and lower concentrations of phospholipids (low and high dose, P < .05) in the CML-supplemented groups. The distribution of individual ganglioside species was not significantly different between treatment groups. Brain weight at P2 was also significantly higher in the CML groups. Differences in the brain composition and weight were not significant by weaning (P21). As adults (P80), adiposity was reduced in the low CML-supplemented group compared to controls. No significant differences were detected between any of the treatment groups in any of the behavioral tasks (water maze, object recognition, and operant learning). These data suggest that maternal supplementation with a CML during pregnancy and lactation is safe and has a significant early impact on brain weight and ganglioside and phospholipid content in offspring but did not alter long-term behavioral function using standard behavioral techniques.
复杂乳脂（CML）为新生儿的生长提供了重要的营养来源，可提供能量和必需营养素。本研究探讨了在怀孕和哺乳期大鼠中补充含有神经节苷脂和磷脂的 CML 对雄性后代学习行为和产后生长的影响。在怀孕期间和哺乳期，Wistar 雌性大鼠补充对照或 CML，根据总食物摄入量，以 0.01%（低）和 0.05%（高）的剂量提供神经节苷脂。与对照组相比，补充 CML 的母鼠在生长、食物摄入量和窝仔特征方面没有差异。雄性后代在产后第 2 天（P2）的大脑组成存在显著差异，补充 CML 组的神经节苷脂浓度较高（高剂量，P<.05），磷脂浓度较低（低剂量和高剂量，P<.05）。处理组之间的个别神经节苷脂种类的分布没有显著差异。CML 组的大脑重量在 P2 时也显著更高。断奶时（P21），大脑组成和重量的差异不显著。作为成年人（P80），与对照组相比，低剂量 CML 补充组的肥胖程度降低。在任何行为任务（水迷宫、物体识别和操作性学习）中，都没有检测到任何处理组之间存在显著差异。这些数据表明，在怀孕和哺乳期补充 CML 是安全的，对后代的大脑重量和神经节苷脂和磷脂含量有显著的早期影响，但使用标准行为技术并未改变长期行为功能。
